Triple nostrils in a calf
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CASE REPORT
Open Access
Triple nostrils in a calf Takeshi Tsuka1*, Ai Saito2, Yoshiharu Okamoto1, Yuji Sunden1, Takehito Morita1, Ryo Nishimura1, Yusuke Murahata1, Kazuo Azuma1, Masamichi Yamashita1, Tomohiro Osaki1, Norihiko Ito1 and Tomohiro Imagawa1
Abstract Background: Nasal abnormalities are rare in bovines. In humans, nasal deformities are mainly classified as proboscis lateralis or supernumerary nostrils. This report discusses the etiology of triple nostrils in a calf, based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopy. Case presentation: A female Holstein calf presented with triple nostrils. The following abnormalities were observed: (1) formation of a small and flat blind-ended middle nostril between the right and left nostrils; (2) presence of a hair-bearing surface on the muzzle; (3) abnormal curvature of the nasal septum, resulting in a narrower right nasal cavity due to transformation of the nasal bones; and (4) formation of a bone-like structure within the nasal septum. These findings were similar to those of supernumerary nostrils in humans. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of a calf with triple nostrils. The use of imaging modalities is necessary for investigating the etiology of triple nostrils. Keywords: Calf, Computed tomography, Endoscopy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Triple nostrils
Background Two main types of congenital nasal malformations have been defined in newborn humans: proboscis lateralis, which is characterized by a soft-tissue tube- or trunk-like appendage projecting from the facial surface near the nose, and supernumerary nostrils, a condition characterized by the formation of accessory nostrils located near the two nostrils [1, 2]. Previous bovine cases have involved the formation of a tubular structure in the upper region of the normal nose, resembling proboscis lateralis in humans [1, 3]. Computed tomography (CT) and endoscopy were previously used for antemortem diagnoses of bovine nasal diseases [4, 5]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for evaluating the skulls in bovines with brain diseases [6]; however, to our knowledge, MRI has not been used for antemortem evaluation of bovine nasal diseases. This report discusses the use of CT, MRI, and endoscopy * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
in a bovine case characterized by a small-sized blind-end accessory nostril formed in the middle portion of the muzzle between the right and left nostrils. It also describes the surgical method used to remove the middle nostril, the strategy of which was developed based on the structural abnormality.
Case presentation A female Holstein calf presented with a congenital formation of triple nostrils at birth. During the 1-month suckling period, the calf exhibited good weight gain and norma
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