Tropical Cyclone Activity over the North Indian Ocean

This book deals primarily with understanding, monitoring and prediction of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) over the North Indian Ocean (NIO). There is special emphasis on TC genesis, intensification, movement and associated adverse weather like heavy rainfall and

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Tropical Cyclone Activity over the North Indian Ocean

Tropical Cyclone Activity over the North Indian Ocean

M. Mohapatra • B.K. Bandyopadhyay L.S. Rathore Editors

Tropical Cyclone Activity over the North Indian Ocean

Editors M. Mohapatra India Meteorological Department New Delhi, India

B.K. Bandyopadhyay India Meteorological Department New Delhi, India

L.S. Rathore India Meteorological Department New Delhi, India

Co-published by Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, with Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi, India. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York 10013, USA. In all other countries, except SAARC countries—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka—sold and distributed by Springer, Haberstrasse 7, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. In SAARC countries—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka—printed book sold and distributed by Capital Publishing Company, 7/28, Mahaveer Street, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India. ISBN 978-3-319-40574-2 ISBN 978-3-319-40576-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40576-6

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016959391 © Capital Publishing Company 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland

Preface

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most devastating natural disasters. The North Indian Ocean is one of the highly vulnerable regions for TC activity. This may be attributed to various factors including geographical conditions and limitations of observations, prediction systems, understanding of physical processes, early warning systems and disaster management processes, apart from the socioeconomic conditions of the region. Understanding the patterns of genesis, intensity and movement of TCs and associated adverse w