Twenty years of research on HPV vaccines based on genetically modified lactic acid bacteria: an overview on the gut-vagi
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Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
REVIEW
Twenty years of research on HPV vaccines based on genetically modified lactic acid bacteria: an overview on the gut‑vagina axis Sedigheh Taghinezhad‑S1 · Hossein Keyvani2 · Luis G. Bermúdez‑Humarán3 · Gilbert G. G. Donders4,5 · Xiangsheng Fu6 · Amir Hossein Mohseni1 Received: 23 February 2020 / Revised: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Most cervical cancer (CxCa) are related to persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in the cervical mucosa, suggesting that an induction of mucosal cell-mediated immunity against HR-HPV oncoproteins can be a promising strategy to fight HPV-associated CxCa. From this perspective, many pre-clinical and clinical trials have proved the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) genetically modified to deliver recombinant antigens to induce mucosal, humoral and cellular immunity in the host. Altogether, the outcomes of these studies suggest that there are several key factors to consider that may offer guidance on improvement protein yield and improving immune response. Overall, these findings showed that oral LAB-based mucosal HPV vaccines expressing inducible surface-anchored antigens display a higher potential to induce particularly specific systemic and mucosal cytotoxic cellular immune responses. In this review, we describe all LAB-based HPV vaccine investigations by reviewing databases from international studies between 2000 and 2020. Our aim is to promote the therapeutic HPV vaccines knowledge and to complete the gaps in this field to empower scientists worldwide to make proper decisions regarding the best strategies for the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines. Keywords Human papillomavirus · Lactic acid bacteria · Lactococcus lactis · Lactobacillus casei · Vaccine · Cervical cancer
Introduction Cervical cancer (CxCa) is considered the 4th most common cancer in women after breast, colorectal and lung [1]. Development of CxCa is closely associated with persistent * Amir Hossein Mohseni [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
2
Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
3
Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy‑en‑Josas, France
4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
5
Femicare Clinical Research for Women, Tienen, Belgium
6
Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
genital infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) [2]. According to previous publications, HPV type 16 (HPV-16) is considered as the main widespread genotype associated with development of invasive CxCa [3, 4]. High prevalence of HPV infection, genital warts, and CxCa has encouraged researchers to pursue experimental
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