Two Quadrant Analog Voltage Divider and Square-Root Circuits Using OTA and MOSFETs
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Two Quadrant Analog Voltage Divider and Square‑Root Circuits Using OTA and MOSFETs Ajishek Raj1 · D. R. Bhaskar1 · Pragati Kumar1 Received: 17 January 2020 / Revised: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this communication, two novel architectures of voltage mode analog divider circuit and square-root circuit using an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) have been presented. The proposed divider circuit employs an OTA and two MOSFETs, while the square-root circuit requires one OTA along with one MOSFET. The proposed divider circuit can also be configured as inverse voltage function generator. The performance of the proposed circuits has been validated through Cadence Virtuoso simulations using 0.18 µm CMOS technology parameters. The total power consumption for analog divider circuit is 821 µW, while for square-root circuit, it is 442 µW with ± 0.9 V power supply. Experimental results have also been provided to validate the theory. Keywords Operational transconductance amplifier · Voltage mode · Analog divider · Analog computational circuits · Square-root · Inverse voltage
1 Introduction Analog dividers have a wide range of applications in analog signal processing, telecommunications, and electronic systems [9], A/D–D/A converters, peak detectors, phase detectors, synthesizers as well as in analog computational systems based on biological ‘neural’ paradigms [27, 38]. Recently, divider circuit designs using numerous active building blocks (ABBs) have received much attention. Various researchers have proposed current mode (CM) [2, 3, 15–17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 34–36, 39, 41] and voltage mode (VM) analog divider circuits [6, 7, 12, 14, 21, 22, * D. R. Bhaskar [email protected] Ajishek Raj [email protected] Pragati Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, Delhi, India Vol.:(0123456789)
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
26, 37] in the past using a variety of ABBs such as OTAs [6, 16, 19, 34, 37], currentcontrolled current conveyors (CCCII) [28], current-controlled current differencing buffered amplifiers (CCCDBAs) [35], current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) [15, 39], current-controlled current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CCCDTAs) [36], current amplifier (CA) [17], second-generation current conveyors (CCII) [2, 14, 22], multiple output current-controlled current through transconductance amplifier (MO-CCCTTA) [29], current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA) [24], current feedback amplifiers (CFA) [7, 21] and operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) [26]. Square-root circuits, on the other hand, are useful in measurement and instrumentation for linearization of a signal from a differential pressure flow meter, or to calculate the root mean square value of an arbitrary waveform [9]. Geometric mean of two signals can also be found employing square-root circuits [4, 18]. As the proposed work
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