Serum levels of CC chemokine ligands in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Serum levels of CC chemokine ligands in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients Gholamhossein Hassanshahi1,2 • Seyed Ebrahim Alavi3 • Hossein Khorramdelazad1 • Zahra Ahmadi1 • Ali Fattahi Bafghi4 • Seyed Hossein Abdollahi1,5 • Hasan Ebrahimi Shahmabadi5
Received: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract The crucial functions of chemokine/receptors in numerous parasitic infections, including leishmaniasis, are well documented. This study aimed to assess the serum levels of CC ligand (CCL) 2, CCL5, and CCL11 in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients. 64 patients, suffering from CL and 100 healthy people were selected, and their blood serum concentrations of CCL2, CCL5, and CCL11 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that while the mean serum levels of CCL5 and CCL11 increased significantly in CL patients, the mean serum levels of CCL2 decreased, compared to the control group. Despite the sufficient production of CCL5 and CCL11 in CL patients, they suffered from CCL2 deficiency, as the defense mechanism against parasitic infection. These findings suggest a mechanism that might partially explain the patients’ susceptibility to persistent infection and their inability to clear the parasites.
& Seyed Hossein Abdollahi [email protected] & Hasan Ebrahimi Shahmabadi [email protected] 1
Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 771751-735, Rafsanjan, Iran
2
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
3
School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
4
Medical Parasitology and Mycology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
5
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Keywords CC ligand Chemokines Leishmaniasis Parasitic infection Abbreviations CCL Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand CL Cutaneous leishmaniasis CR3 Complement receptor 3 CXCL Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand DCL Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis DL Disseminated leishmaniasis ELISA Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase FcRs Fc receptors MR Mannose receptor IFN Interferon IL-12 Interleukin-12 MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cell SPSS Statistical package for the social sciences Th1 T helper 1 TNF Tumor necrosis factor TLRs Toll-like receptors
Introduction Leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector-borne diseases and occurs as a result of infection with several Leishmania species (Boutsini et al. 2018; Sofizadeh et al. 2018). This disease has three main types, including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral (Nieto-Meneses et al. 2018). In the mucocutaneous form, parasites damage mucosal membranes (often nasal mucosal), resulting in
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J Parasit Dis
disfiguring lesions often in the nose, while in the visceral form
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