Probability of false-negative results in microscopical detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis: more accurate screening by
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Probability of false-negative results in microscopical detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis: more accurate screening by kDNAPCR during epidemiological survey Somayeh Aghamolaei1 • Hamed Behniafar2 • Mahmoodreza Behravan3 Homa Hajjaran4 • Vahideh Moin Vaziri5
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Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 July 2020 Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract Leishmaniasis has an important impact on global public health, and the common form of the disease is cutaneous form as well in Iran. Different species of Leishmania parasite make variable clinical manifestations, so prompt diagnosis and recognition at the species level are important due to their impact on the treatment and outcome of the disease. We aimed to examine the potential existence of the Leishmania parasite genome in the exudate materials derived from lesions of the cutaneous leishmaniasis suspected patients referred to Varamin Health Center Laboratory, that were reported negative microscopically. Regarding the object of the study, kDNA-Nested-PCR was used. A 570 bp band equal to what expected for Leishmania major was amplified in 18 out of 29 tested samples (62%). Findings indicate the effectivness of kDNA as a high copy number gene to avoid false-negative results. Keywords Leishmania detection parasitological method kDNA & Vahideh Moin Vaziri [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Medical Faculty of Sarab, Sarab, Iran
3
Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
4
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Introduction Leishmaniasis could be considered as the second most dangerous neglected tropical disease, after malaria, which caused by different Leishmania spp, an obligatory intracellular parasite that invades phagocytic host cells (Badirzadeh et al. 2020; Heidari-Kharaji et al. 2019). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ‘‘over 1 billion people living in endemic areas at risk of infection’’ (https://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/en/). Leishmania infections have several clinical forms; cutaneous, visceral, and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis based on the location of the parasite in the tissues (Abdossamadi et al. 2017; Heidari-Kharaji et al. 2019). Among these clinical forms, visceral and cutaneous, reported in the Middle East including Iran (Shirzadi et al. 2016), both Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are considered as causative agents of cutaneous form of the disease in Iran, responsible for zoonotic and anthroponotic forms, respectively (Mirzapour et al. 2019). It is estimated that leishmaniasis causes 229,714 disability-adjusted life-years in Iran (Badirzadeh et al. 201
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