Ultra Low Power Capacitive Sensor Interfaces

An increasing number of medical diagnostics, comfort, entertainment, and sports applications are making use of capacitive sensor systems in and around the body. These sensor systems should work as small distributed units that can collect data over a long

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ANALOG CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SERIES Consulting Editor: Mohammed Ismail. Ohio State University Titles in Series: ULTRA LOW POWER CAPACITIVE SENSOR INTERFACES Bracke, Wouter, Puers, Robert, Van Hoof, Chris ISBN: 978-1-4020-6231-5 LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE IN ADVANCED MOS DEVICES Haartman, Martin v., Östling, Mikael ISBN-10: 1-4020-5909-4 CMOS SINGLE CHIP FAST FREQUENCY HOPPING SYNTHESIZERS FOR WIRELESS MULTI-GIGAHERTZ APPLICATIONS Bourdi, Taoufik, Kale, Izzet ISBN: 978-14020-5927-8 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN TECHNIQUES AT 0.5V Chatterjee, S., Kinget, P., Tsividis, Y., Pun, K.P. ISBN-10: 0-387-69953-8 IQ CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES FOR CMOS RADIO TRANCEIVERS Chen, Sao-Jie, Hsieh, Yong-Hsiang ISBN-10: 1-4020-5082-8 FULL-CHIP NANOMETER ROUTING TECHNIQUES Ho, Tsung-Yi, Chang, Yao-Wen, Chen, Sao-Jie ISBN: 978-1-4020-6194-3 THE GM/ID DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR CMOS ANALOG LOW POWER INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Jespers, Paul G.A. ISBN-10: 0-387-47100-6 PRECISION TEMPERATURE SENSORS IN CMOS TECHNOLOGY Pertijs, Michiel A.P., Huijsing, Johan H. ISBN-10: 1-4020-5257-X CMOS CURRENT-MODE CIRCUITS FOR DATA COMMUNICATIONS Yuan, Fei ISBN: 0-387-29758-8 RF POWER AMPLIFIERS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS Reynaert, Patrick, Steyaert, Michiel ISBN: 1-4020-5116-6 ADVANCED DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR RF POWER AMPLIFIERS Rudiakova, A.N., Krizhanovski, V. ISBN 1-4020-4638-3 CMOS CASCADE SIGMA-DELTA MODULATORS FOR SENSORS AND TELECOM del Río, R., Medeiro, F., Pérez-Verdú, B., de la Rosa, J.M., Rodríguez-Vázquez, A. ISBN 1-4020-4775-4 SIGMA DELTA A/D CONVERSION FOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING Philips, K., van Roermund, A.H.M. Vol. 874, ISBN 1-4020-4679-0 CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES IN NYQUIST AD CONVERTERS van der Ploeg, H., Nauta, B. Vol. 873, ISBN 1-4020-4634-0 ADAPTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR MIXED SIGNAL SYSTEM ON CHIP Fayed, A., Ismail, M. Vol. 872, ISBN 0-387-32154-3 WIDE-BANDWIDTH HIGH-DYNAMIC RANGE D/A CONVERTERS Doris, Konstantinos, van Roermund, Arthur, Leenaerts, Domine Vol. 871 ISBN: 0-387-30415-0

Ultra Low Power Capacitive Sensor Interfaces by

WOUTER BRACKE Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium

ROBERT PUERS Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium

and

CHRIS VAN HOOF IMEC vzw, Belgium

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-1-4020-6231-5 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-6232-2 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved c 2007 Springer  No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

Contents

Foreword

ix

1. INTRODUCTION

1

2. GENERIC ARCHITECTURES FOR AUTONOMOUS SENSORS 1 Introduction 2 Multisensor microsystem 2.1 Sensors 2.2 Sensor interface chip 2.3 Microcontroller 2.4