Ultrabroad infrared luminescences from Bi-doped alkaline earth metal germanate glasses
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anrong Qiu State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
Botao Wu Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China; and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
Danping Chen Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China (Received 21 October 2006; accepted 7 February 2007)
We report on ultrabroad infrared (IR) luminescences covering the 1000–1700-nm wavelength region, from Bi-doped 75GeO2–20RO–5Al2O3–1Bi2O3 (R ⳱ Sr, Ca, and Mg) glasses. The full width at half-maximum of the IR luminescences excited at 980 nm increases (315 → 440 → 510 nm) with the change of alkaline earth metal (Mg2+ → Ca2+ → Sr2+). The fluorescence lifetime of the glass samples is 1725, 157, and 264 s when R is Sr, Ca, and Mg, respectively. These materials may be promising candidates for broad-band fiber amplifiers and tunable laser resources.
I. INTRODUCTION
Transmission capacity of densed wavelength– division–multiplexing network system depends on the bandwidth of fiber amplifiers. But the bandwidth of the traditional rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers cannot surpass 100 nm due to the f–f transition confined in the inner shell,1 which limits the capacity of optical-fiber communication. Therefore, the development of a novel broadband fiber amplifier with a working wavelength region covering the whole low-loss region (1200–1650 nm) of silica fiber, has become one of the most important subjects of research. Recently, transition-metal-ion-doped glass ceramics have received extensive attention,2–4 because infrared (IR) luminescence covering 1000– 1700 nm with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 300 nm has been observed in them. In addition, bismuthdoped broad-band IR luminescences with a FWHM as large as 300 nm were observed,5–11 and optical amplifi-
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Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2007.0200 1574 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 22, No. 6, Jun 2007 http://journals.cambridge.org Downloaded: 17 Aug 2015
cation at 1300 nm was realized.12 However, the change of the bandwidth of the IR luminescence with glass components has not been studied up to now. Furthermore, the origin of the IR luminescence is still unclear, and has been assigned to Bi5+ ions5 and bismuth ions in a lowvalence state7–9,11 by different researchers. There has been no report on the IR luminescence from Bi5+ until now. Bi5+ often exists in a host with high basicity such as LiBiO3, NaBiO3, and KBiO3, which will be decomposed to Bi2O3 and O2 when heated up to above 300 °C.13–15 It is also well known that Bi2O3 will be further converted to BiO and Bi2O at high temperature. We observed IR luminescence in Bi-doped BaO–B2O3 glasses that were melted in reducing atmosphere, while no IR luminescence was detected for the corresponding glass melted in air. We also prepared Bi-doped
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