Ultrasensitive covalently-linked Aptasensor for cocaine detection based on electrolytes-induced repulsion/attraction of
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Ultrasensitive covalently-linked Aptasensor for cocaine detection based on electrolytes-induced repulsion/attraction of colloids Serdar Sanli 1
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Hichem Moulahoum 1
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Faezeh Ghorbanizamani 1
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Emine Guler Celik 1
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Suna Timur 1,2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A quick and easy colorimetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and aptamers for the detection of cocaine was developed. The sensor was named as ‘GAPTA’ and showed extremely interesting results regarding cocaine detection with a sensitivity to doses of 0.2 nM. The experimental approach consisted of creating a conjugate between GNPs (10 nm size) and aptamers as a sensing base with the addition of an electrolyte (NaCl) that plays the role of aggregation inducer. In the absence of the aptamer, the electrolyte was able to induce aggregation of the GNPs turning the color of the solution from red to blue while the presence of the aptamer is able to hinder the charges attraction and protects the GNPs from aggregating. The optimization of the aptamer and electrolyte concentration was determined to be 118 nM and 55 mM, respectively, and the resultant GAPTA sensor had a detection limit of 0.97 nM. Furthermore, the selectivity of the platform was tested in the presence of different interferents and showed a specific response towards cocaine while interference ranged between 20 and 40%. The applicability of the GAPTA biosensor was tested on synthetic saliva and demonstrated a sensitivity range between 0.2 and 25 nM. These results suggest the potential of the current colorimetric sensor in abuse drugs screening and creates a stable base for new routine platforms for biomedical and toxicology applications. Keywords Aptasensor . Gold nanoparticles . Aptamer . Cocaine . Drug detection
1 Introduction Substance abuse has been denoted as a serious public health disorder and cocaine is one of the top contenders for the major causes of addiction. Public health authorities have been working relentlessly with medical and toxicology sectors to develop new detection tools to lower drug traffic and substance abuse (Asturias-Arribas et al. 2011). Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the central Serdar Sanli and Hichem Moulahoum contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-020-00507-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hichem Moulahoum [email protected] * Suna Timur [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
2
Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
nervous system inducing a euphoric feeling to the users (Shin et al. 2016) and the continuous abuse results in a serious relapsing disorder accompanied by important side effects such as anxiety, heart problem, immunologic issues and organ damage (Abnous et al. 2016). Until now, various anal
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