Unconventional chemical graphitization and functionalization of graphene oxide toward nanocomposites by degradation of Z
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Published online 25 May 2020 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1341-1
Unconventional chemical graphitization and functionalization of graphene oxide toward nanocomposites by degradation of ZnSe[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts 1,2
2
2
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Liang Xu , Zeng-Wen Hu , Le-Le Wang , Chuanxin He and Shu-Hong Yu ABSTRACT
The high surface energy of nanomaterials en-
dows them a metastable nature, which greatly limits their application. However, in some cases, the degradation process derived from the poor stability of nanomaterials offers an unconventional approach to design and obtain functional nanomaterials. Herein, based on the poor stability of ZnSe[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts, we developed a new strategy to chemically graphitize and functionalize graphene oxide (GO). When ZnSe[DETA]0.5 hybrid nanobelts encountered a strong +
acid, they were attacked by H cations and could release highly reactive Se
2−
anions into the reaction solution. Like other
common reductants (such as N2H4·H2O), these Se
2−
anions
exhibited an excellent ability to restore the structure of GO. The structural restoration of GO was greatly affected by the reaction time, the volume of HCl, and the mass ratio between GO and ZnSe[DETA]0.5 nanobelts. By carefully controlling the reaction process and the post-processing process, we finally obtained several Se-based reduced GO (RGO) nanocomposites (such as ZnSe/Se-RGO, ZnSe-RGO, and Se-RGO) and various selenide/metal-RGO nanocomposites (such as Ag2Se-RGO, Cu2Se-RGO, and Pt-RGO). Although the original structure and composition of ZnSe[DETA]0.5 nanobelts are destroyed, the procedure presents an unconventional way to chemically graphitize and functionalize GO and thus provides a new material synthesis platform for nanocomposites. Keywords: stability, degradation, unconventional chemical graphitization, hybrid nanobelt, graphene oxide
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INTRODUCTION Unlike their bulk counterparts, nanomaterials possess high surface energy which causes them to be far from their equilibrium state [1,2], and thus endows them a strong tendency to obtain a lower energy state by reacting with active substances [3]. As a result, many chemical or physical transformations are easily accessible for nanoscale materials. For instance, chemically inert noble metals are resistant to oxidation at the macroscale, while their nanoscale counterparts are chemically unstable and can be easily oxidized [4], such as Au nanoparticles (NPs) [5], Ag NPs [6], and Pt NPs [7–10]. In addition, these noble NPs usually have lower melting points than their bulk counterparts, that is to say, they exhibit low thermostabilities [11]. Except noble metals, other materials also exhibit poor stabilities at nanoscale, which greatly impedes their practical applications. For example, the poor thermostability of noble metal nanocatalysts severely limits their applications in high-temperature catalytic reactions [12]; nanostructured anode materials generally suffer from poor capacity retention due to material pulverization (i.e., poor structural stabili
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