Uniform Behavior Police Localism and National Politics

This book places in historical context the continuing push-pull dynamics between national politics and the entrenched tradition of local control over law enforcement in the U.S. Drawing on the present sense of urgency around the War on Terror and earlier

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Uniform Behavior Police Localism and National Politics Edited by Stacy K. McGoldrick and Andrea McArdle

Stacy K. McGoldrick: To my grand father James McCloskey, a dedicated Philadelphia police officer. Andrea McArdle: To my parents, the late James and Gloria McArdle. UNIFORM BEHAVIOR

© Stacy K. McGoldrick and Andrea McArdle, 2006. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-7170-8 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53313-8

ISBN 978-1-4039-8331-2 (eBook)

DOI 10.1057/9781403983312

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: May 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

List of Tables Introduction Stacy K. McGoldrick and Andrea McArdle 1. The Militarization of American Policing: Enduring Metaphor for a Shifting Context William Thomas Allison 2. “Arriving for Immoral Purposes”: Women, Immigration, and the Historical Intersection of Federal and Municipal Policing Val Marie Johnson 3. “For Speaking Jewish in a Jewish Neighborhood”: Civil Rights and Community–Police Relations during the Postwar Red Scare, 1919–1922 Joseph Varga

vii 1

9

25

55

4. Challenging Police Repression: Federal Activism and Local Reform in New York City Marilynn S. Johnson

73

5. The Failure of Force: Policing Terrorism in Northern Ireland Joanne Klein

97

6. Democracy, Citizenship, and Police Procedure in New Orleans: The Importance of the Local Context for Defining Rights Anthony W. Pereira 7. Willie Horton to Osama bin Laden: The New Framing of Police and Crime in the 2004 Presidential Campaign Stacy K. McGoldrick

127

155

vi

CONTENTS

8. Policing after September 11: Federal–Local Collaboration and the Implications for Police–Community Relations Andrea McArdle 9. Transformation: The Emergent Growth of Cooperation amongst Police Agencies Peter K. Manning

177

203

10. The Scales of Justice: Federal–Local Tensions in the War on Terror Kris Erickson, John Carr, and Steve Herbert

231

Notes on Contributors

255

Index

259

List of Tables

7.1 Analysis of newspaper coverage and article content in 2000 and 2004 7.2 Differences in substantive issues covered in the 2000 and 2004 Democratic Party platform, listed