Untying the correlation between apolipoproteins and rheumatoid arthritis
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Inflammation Research
REVIEW
Untying the correlation between apolipoproteins and rheumatoid arthritis Rashita Makkar1 · Tapan Behl1 · Arun Kumar1 · Md. Sahab Uddin2,3 · Simona Bungau4 Received: 27 August 2020 / Revised: 22 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Aim and objective The concentration of lipoproteins and apolipoprotein are extremely low in the synovial fluid of any healthy person as compared to the concentrations in plasma. However, in the synovial fluid of any diseased patient the amount of cholesterol and lipids is sharply increased. The current review defines the role of various apolipoproteins and lipoproteins and their constituent subfractions in the synovial fluid embarking its principal role in rheumatoid arthritis. It also explains the need to define synovial fluid lipids, lipoprotein particle subfractions and their constituent apolipoproteins in synovial fluid. Materials and methods Various research and review articles highlighting the role of apolipoproteins and lipoproteins were procured from medical websites mainly Pubmed, Medline, Science Direct, etc., and studied for the writing of the review paper. Conclusion Mainly apolipoproteins A-1, B and E are prominently increased in chronic inflammatory joint disorders. Several theories have been proposed to understand the source of increase of lipids and apolipoproteins in synovial fluid of the diseased patients compared to healthy individuals, yet the precise mechanism is still not lucid. Lipoproteins are believed to play both functional role and pathological role in the synovial fluid. The activated T-lymphocytes in patients of RA lead to activation of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukins which embark to be the principal mechanism for induction of the disease. It can be thus concluded that the apolipoproteins prevent the activation of monocytes by blocking their contact of activation and thus play critical role in management of RA by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Keywords Synovial fluid · Lipoproteins · Lipids · Cholesterol · Joint effusions · Apolipoproteins
Introduction A critical host defense mechanism is termed inflammation. Inflammation occurs as a first-line defense against any infection or pathological change in the body. It functions to direct immuno-inflammatory cells and the plasma factors to the lesions with the aim of eradicating the infection and * Tapan Behl [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
2
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3
Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
4
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
facilitating repair of the tissues. Though it is a protective mechanism of the body, in chronic conditions and inflammatory disorders the blood-derived cells infiltrate into the target tissue and lead to tiss
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