Up-regulation of miR-9 expression predicate advanced clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in patients with he
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Up-regulation of miR-9 expression predicate advanced clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Lizhi Cai1* and Xi Cai2
Abstract Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small (19–24 nt long) noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence specific manner. An increasing association between miRNA and cancer has been recently reported. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the fifth most common cancer and the most common cause of death in men, has become the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. In this study, we investigated the miR-9 expression in HCC to evaluate their value in prognosis of this tumor. Methods: The expression of miR-9 in matched normal and tumor tissues of HCC was evaluated using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was generated following a log-rank test. Results: It was observed that miR-9 expression was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with noncancerous liver tissues (7.26 ± 1.30 vs. 3.14 ± 1.08, P < 0.001). The up-regulation of miR-9 in HCC cancer tissues was also significantly correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features. We found that the patients with high miR-9 expression have a higher tumor staging (P = 0.0389) and are in higher risk of venous infiltration (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the results of Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that HCC patients with the high miR-9 expression tend to have shorter overall survival (P < 0.0001). The multivariate analysis clearly indicated that the high miR-9 expression in biopsy samples may be considered as an independent prognostic factor in HCC for decreased survival (4.28; 95%CI, 2.77-7.23, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our data indicate the potential of miR-9 as a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC. Large well-designed studies with diverse populations and functional evaluations are warranted to confirm and extend our findings. Virtual Slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/ 13000_2014_228
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally [1]. The incidence of HCC is still increasing in the developing countries, especially in East and South-East Asia, with the highest reported primary liver cancer rates. Annually, more than 700,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide and unfortunately more than 600,000 cases dead due to this cancer [2]. The five-year survival rate of this cancer is * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou First People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No.8 Hangkong Road, Shashi district, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
merely 7% [3]. The development and progression of HCC is a multistage process involving the deregulation of genes that are crucial to cellular processes, such as cell cycle control, cell growth, apoptosis and cell migration.
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