Upcycling of Vine Shoots: Production of Fillers for PHBV-Based Biocomposite Applications
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Upcycling of Vine Shoots: Production of Fillers for PHBV-Based Biocomposite Applications Grégoire David1 · Laurent Heux2 · Stéphanie Pradeau2 · Nathalie Gontard1 · Hélène Angellier‑Coussy1 Accepted: 12 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This paper aims at investigating the potential of vine shoots (ViSh) upcycling as fillers in novel poly(3-hydroxybutyrate3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) based biocomposites. ViSh particles of around 50 µm (apparent median diameter) were obtained combining dry grinding processes, and mixed with PHBV using melt extrusion. Thermal stability and elongation at break of biocomposites were reduced with increasing contents of ViSh particles (10, 20 and 30 wt%), while Young’s modulus and water vapor permeability were increased. It was shown that a surface gas-phase esterification allowed to significantly increase the hydrophobicity of ViSh particles (increase of water contact angles from 59° to 114°), leading to a reduction of 27% in the water vapor permeability of the biocomposite filled with 30 wt% of ViSh. The overall mechanical performance was not impacted by gas-phase esterification, demonstrating that the interfacial adhesion between the virgin ViSh particles and the PHBV matrix was already good and that such filler surface treatment was not required in that case. It was concluded that ViSh particles can be interestingly used as low cost fillers in PHBV-based biocomposites to decrease the overall cost of materials. Keywords Biocomposite · Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) · Natural fibers · Surface properties · Permeability
Introduction Biocomposite materials have attained a growing trend, with a large potential for applications from automotive to packaging. The incorporation of lignocellulosic fillers into biosourced and biodegradable polymer matrices can offer economic and environmental benefits of a more ‘circular’ * Hélène Angellier‑Coussy [email protected] Grégoire David [email protected] Laurent Heux [email protected] Stéphanie Pradeau [email protected] Nathalie Gontard [email protected] 1
JRU UMR 1208 IATE – Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France
CNRS, CERMAV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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approach [1]. Two main categories of lignocellulosic biomass can be distinguished for the production of fillers, i.e. natural fibers grown or extracted for their high mechanical properties (e.g. hemp, flax, kenaf) and fillers derived from residues from agricultural, forestry or food industries. The first type of fibers is the most commonly used as reinforcing agents. The second category allows value addition to residues while producing sustainable composites. Their mechanical performances are usually lower than dedicated grown plants but they can perfectly suit for applications that do not have very demanding specifications. In the viticulture sector, huge amounts of waste and byproducts are generated each year i
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