UPLC-MS metabolomics provides insights into the differences between black- and white-shelled Pacific oysters Crassostrea
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UPLC-MS metabolomics provides insights into the differences between black- and white-shelled Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas* CHEN Xi, JIANG Qiuyun, SONG Hongce, LI Lingling, XIE Chaoyi, HUANG Baoyu, LIU Yaqiong, ZHANG Meiwei, WEI Lei**, WANG Xiaotong** School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China Received Mar. 12, 2020; accepted in principle May 3, 2020; accepted for publication Jun. 11, 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A variety of shell colors are one of the most fundamental characteristics of molluscs, which have importantly ecological and economic significance. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is distributed in many sea areas around the world and also an aquacultured mollusc with high nutritional value. In this study, the whole soft body and the mantle tissue of black-shelled Pacific oyster (BSO) and white-shelled Pacific oyster (WSO) with starkly different melanin contents were compared, and the differences in physiology and metabolism between BSO and WSO were analyzed. The results of physiological indicators suggested BSO show more melanin, more dry matter, more crude lipid content, and stronger ability to scavenge free radicals than WSO. The altered metabolites of glycerophospholipids, fatty acyls, and steroids revealed different regulatory mechanisms of lipids. The correlation analysis of metabolomics and previously published RNAseq data suggested that BSO and WSO mainly differed in the basal metabolic processes, such as lipid, amino acid and purine metabolisms. This study provides insights into the changes in the physiological indictors and the metabolites of oysters with varying melanin content. Keyword: Crassostrea gigas; UPLC-MS metabolomics; physiological indicators; melanin; shell color
1 INTRODUCTION Colorful shells make molluscs quite attractive, but many bivalves such as oysters cannot detect color or even lack eyes completely (Wolken, 1988; Speiser and Johnsen, 2008; Morris, 2012; Wu et al., 2015, 2018). The function of molluscan shell color in bivalves could provide protection against predators with greater visual acuity and color vision, including apostatic selection (Moment, 1962; Smith, 1975) or countershading (Thayer, 1971). In addition, the darker color shells may also help molluscs heat up more than lighter one (Mitton, 1977) and some shell pigments could have demonstrated antimicrobial properties (Moret and Moreau, 2012). Shell color may offer camouflaged protection to avoid being spotted by predators (Hansson, 2004). Shell color polymorphism, a characteristic trait of the molluscs, is the one of the focal points of molluscan biodiversity conservation (Williams,
2017) and also a common phenotype of economically important molluscs (Liu et al., 2009). In nature, oysters are rich in shell color diversity and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has been bred to obtain characteristic varieties with black, white, and other shell colors (Feng et al., 2015). Previous studies ha
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