Upregulated expression of Annexin II is a prognostic marker for patients with gastric cancer
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WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
RESEARCH
Open Access
Upregulated expression of Annexin II is a prognostic marker for patients with gastric cancer Qi Zhang1, Zaiyuan Ye1†, Qiong Yang1, Xujun He2, Huiju Wang2 and Zhongsheng Zhao3*†
Abstract Background: The role of annexin II in the development and progression of gastric cancer was explored. Methods: Real-time PCR was conducted to detect annexin II and S100A6 mRNA expression. Protein expressions of annexin II and S100A6 were also examined by immunohistochemistry in 436 clinicopathologically characterized gastric cancer cases. Results: The expression of annexin II and S100A6 mRNA differ significantly among gastric tumor tissue and matched non-cancerous gastric mucosa. Protein levels of annexin II and S100A6 were up-regulated in gastric cancer compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. High expression of annexin II correlated with age, location of tumor, size of tumor, differentiation, histological type, depth of invasion, vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, and also with expression of S100A6. Further multivariate analysis suggested that expression of annexin II and S100A6 were independent prognostic indicators for gastric cancer. Cumulative five-year survival rates of patients with high expression of both annexin II and S100A6 was significantly lower than those with low expression of both. Conclusion: Expression of annexin II in gastric cancer was significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, TNM stage, high S100A6 expression, and poor prognosis. Annexin II and S100A6 proteins could be useful prognostic marker to predict tumor progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. Keywords: Annexin II, Prognostic, Gastric Cancer
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common malignancy and is ranked as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths, with approximately 870, 000 new cases occurring yearly [1]. The geographic distribution of incidence and mortality of GC varies remarkably worldwide, with more than one-third of all gastric cancer cases occurring in China [2,3]. Different etiologic factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, a diet high in salt, smoking, and environmental nitrates, have been associated with the development of GC [4]. Mortality from GC has declined for the past decades, mainly due to its early detection by endoscopic techniques, advances in chemotherapy and surgical techniques [5]. However, * Correspondence: [email protected] † Equal contributors 3 Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
the overall five-year survival rate in China is only 40% [6]. More than 30% of surgical patients are too advanced to receive curative resection [7]. Therefore, identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets for treatment are major goals
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