Urinary hyaluronic acid: a versatile marker of bladder cancer
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UROLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Urinary hyaluronic acid: a versatile marker of bladder cancer Ahmad Sobhy El‑Hefnawy1 · Ehsan Mohamed Abd El Aty Rizk2 · Nabila Maher Al Demerdash Khamis2 · Mohammed Ali Atwa Barakat2 · Sherry M. Khater3 · Ahmed A. Shokeir1 Received: 10 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 April 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the role of urinary hyaluronic acid (HA) as a diagnostic marker in urothelial carcinoma (UCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and adenocarcinoma (ADC) of urinary bladder and compare it with urine cytology. Methods HA was estimated in 170 subjects divided into three groups. Group I: UCC 88 patients, 28 with SCC and 12 with ADC; group II: 34 patients with benign bladder tumors; and group III: 10 healthy bladders. HA was estimated in urine and then readjusted to creatinine (HA/Cr) and protein (HA/Pr) in urine. Urine cytology was evaluated. Results The mean ± SD level HA was higher in UCC (589 ± 72), SCC (637 ± 45), and ADC (526 ± 30) as compared with benign (476 ± 92) and normal (277 ± 44) groups regardless the grade of tumor (p
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