Use of the Jung/Myers Model of Personality Types to Identify and Engage with Individuals at Greatest Risk of Experiencin
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pplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-02009724-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Address correspondence to Nathaniel Rickles, PharmD, PhD, BCPP, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA. Anthony W. Olson, PharmD, PhD, Research Division/ 6 AV-2, Essentia institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN, USA. Paul D. Tieger, MS, SpeedReading People, LLC, Hartford, CT, USA. Jon C. Schommer, PhD, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Lawrence M. Brown, PharmD, PhD, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
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Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 2020. 1–21. c 2020 National Council for Behavioral Health. DOI 10.1007/s11414-020-09724-2
Personality Types and Risk for Depression and Anxiety
RICKLES ET AL.
Introduction Depression is the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide with more than 300 million people living with depression as of 2015, representing an 18% increase since 2005.1 In the USA, 16.1 million adults aged 18 years or older had experienced at least one major depressive episode in the past year, which represented 6.7% of all American adults.2 According to the National Institute of Mental Health, depression is the leading cause of disability in the USA among people ages 14 to 44 years.3 Nearly 50% of all people diagnosed with depression are also diagnosed with an anxiety disorder,4, 5 which is the most common mental illness in the USA affecting 40 million adults aged 18 and older every year.6 One study estimated that 33.7% of adults aged 18 to 64 will suffer an anxiety disorder during their lifetime.7 It is estimated that only 36.9% of those suffering anxiety disorders receive treatment.6 In addition, it is known that depression is an independent risk factor for treatment non-adherence and other negative treatment outcomes.8
Depression and anxiety associations with personality Mental disorders develop from a complex set of risk factors including genetics, brain chemistry, personality, and life events.6 A recently reported proof-of-concept study by Moore and colleagues built upon progress regarding specific brain regions and personality traits to investigate if personality factors might be associated with resiliency or vulnerability to the emotional stressors of depression and anxiety.9 In a sample of 85 healthy young adults, the latent construct of Resilience personality traits—including cognitive reappraisal, positive affectivity, and optimism—helped protect against anxiety. There is evidence that personality traits may play predisposing,6, 9 enabling,9 and reinforcing roles10 in developing depression or anxiety and also may serve a mediating role in being resilient for managing these conditions.11–14 There are multiple models of personality, with accompanying assessments that identify personality characteristics. Among the most familiar and utilized models by individuals in the USA is the Jung/Myers Model of
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