Use of toenail-bounded heavy metals to characterize occupational exposure and oxidative stress in workers of waterpipe/c
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Use of toenail-bounded heavy metals to characterize occupational exposure and oxidative stress in workers of waterpipe/cigarette cafe´s Mohammad Reza Masjedi . Sina Dobaradaran . Saeed Keshmiri . Farhad Taghizadeh . Hossein Arfaeinia . Farzad Fanaei . Mojtaba Behroozi . Farzaneh Nasrzadeh . Melika Joukar
Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Tobacco smoke is known for releasing metals in indoor air of waterpipe/cigarette cafe´s. However, the worker exposure to metals, and its association with oxidative stress in these cafe´s are still unclear. To this end, 54 workers and 38 customers from waterpipe/cigarette cafe´s (the exposed group), 30 workers from non-smoking cafe´s (the control group 1 (CG_1)) and 32 individuals from the general population (the control group 2 (CG_2)) were selected and toenails samples were then taken from them. Our findings revealed a significant difference in terms of toenail-bounded metal levels between the exposure and control groups (CG_1 and CG_2) (Mann–Whitney U test, Pvalue \ 0.05). This study has also indicated that ‘‘type of tobacco’’ could be considered as a predictor for toenail-bounded heavy metals.
Furthermore, our research’s results suggest that toenail-bounded heavy metals are positively and significantly correlated with urinary levels of 8- hydroxy-20 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, as a biomarker for the degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) oxidative stress). Therefore, it can be concluded that workers of waterpipe/cigarette cafe´s are at high risks of adverse health of DNA oxidative degradation.
M. R. Masjedi Tobacco Control Research Center (TCRC), Iranian AntiTobacco Association, Tehran, Iran
S. Keshmiri Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
S. Dobaradaran S. Keshmiri H. Arfaeinia M. Behroozi F. Nasrzadeh M. Joukar Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
F. Taghizadeh F. Fanaei Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Keywords Smoking Waterpipe Cigarette Heavy metal Toenail DNA oxidative stress
S. Dobaradaran H. Arfaeinia (&) Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
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Environ Geochem Health
Introduction In recent years, the consumption of waterpipe and cigarette has become more prevalent among teenager and young people in recent years (Asfar et al. 2005). In this regard, the use of waterpipe, as a wrong entertainment, had been prevalent for a long time in the Middle East, the Mediterranean, some SouthAmerican countries, and some Asian countries, including Iran, and it causes about 6 million (annually) deaths worldwide (WHO 2017). The health effects of tobacco are resulte
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