Ustiloxin A is Produced Early in Experimental Ustilaginoidea virens Infection and Affects Transcription in Rice
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Ustiloxin A is Produced Early in Experimental Ustilaginoidea virens Infection and Affects Transcription in Rice Zheng Hu1 · Lu Zheng1 · Junbin Huang1 · Ligang Zhou2 · Chunsheng Liu3 · Hao Liu1 Received: 31 January 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ustiloxin is a kind of 13-membered cyclic peptides found in mature rice false smut generated by Ustilaginoidea virens infecting rice spikelet. So far, six kinds of ustiloxins have been identified from false smut balls (FSBs) in which ustiloxin A is the main component. The toxins can not only inhibit the growth of rice, wheat, and corn, but also poison people and animals. However, so far, there have been few studies of the content of ustiloxin except that in mature FSB. The effect of ustiloxins on the process of infection has not been clarified. In this study, the technique of artificial inoculation coupled with UPLC-ESI– MS was introduced to investigate the content of ustiloxins in the course of infection. The initial formation time of ustiloxin A, B, C, D, F, and G was no later than 5, 5, 9, 7, 7, and 9 days post inoculation (dpi) prior to FSB’s formation, respectively. The content of ustiloxin A per spikelet was increased rapidly from 6.0 ng at 5 dpi to 14,157.1 ng at 25 dpi. Meanwhile, the content of ustiloxin A per dry weight (DW) of the FSBs also peaked at 1321.2 μg/g at 25 dpi. Interestingly, both the contents of ustiloxin A per dry weight and per spikelet were significantly reduced from 25 to 30 dpi. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that a total of 146 transcripts (103 upregulated and 43 downregulated) were significantly changed in rice spikelets after 3-h acute exposure to 100 ng ustiloxin A. In addition, several of the significantly altered genes were validated by RT-qPCR.
Introduction
* Hao Liu [email protected] Zheng Hu zheng‑[email protected] Lu Zheng [email protected] Junbin Huang [email protected] Ligang Zhou [email protected] Chunsheng Liu [email protected] 1
The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
3
College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People’s Republic of China
Recently, rice false smut (RFS) has become a devastating rice disease in most rice-producing countries [1]. In China, the incidence rate of disease has increased dramatically over the past two decades and has already affected more than one third of the arable land [2]. The mere characteristic symptom is the replacement of rice grains with ball-like mycelium coated by dark-green, powdery chlamydospores [3]. Studies have shown that ustiloxin A accumulated only in false smut balls (FSBs) could contaminate grains and their corresponding products [4]. Ustiloxin is one of the three main kinds of metabolites produced by Ustilaginoidea virens, the pathogenic
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