Utilization of industrial waste for the sustainable production of bacterial cellulose
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Utilization of industrial waste for the sustainable production of bacterial cellulose A. A. Raval1 · U. G. Raval1 · R. Z. Sayyed2 Received: 6 May 2020 / Revised: 4 September 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Society for Environmental Sustainability 2020
Abstract The present study reports the higher yields of bacterial cellulose (BC) from Pseudomonas sp. BC6 isolated from the sugarcane rhizosphere. Various types of samples were screened for the isolation of potent BC producing bacteria. Initially six isolates showed the formation of a pellicle in Hestrin-Schramm Broth (HSB); however, one isolate identified as Pseudomonas sp. BC6 produced thick pellicles (more BC) under static conditions in the HSB and formed mucoid colonies on HestrinSchramm Agar (HSA). Following the staining with calcofluor, these colonies reflected intense fluorescence under UV light. The isolate yielded more BC in raw carbon (molasses) based HSB (9.3 gL−1) compared to pure carbon (glucose) source (6.9 gL−1). Cellulose membrane made of BC and conjugated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles showed the potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The ability of the isolate to produce BC from renewable sources offers the best, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative to cellulose of plant origin. Keywords Agro-industrial waste · Antimicrobial activity · BC–Ag composite · Carbon source · Static condition · Sustainable production
Introduction Cellulose is a polysaccharide that is abundantly available on the earth. It accounts for about 50% of the total available bound carbon (Bielecki et al. 2005). Commercially the major amount of cellulose comes from plants (Hon 1994; Koyama et al. 1997). However, the presence of unwanted structures like lignin, (lignocelluloses), hemicelluloses, pectin, and wax, needs a tedious and costly delignification process (Bomble et al. 2017). Moreover, obtaining cellulose from plants is not an eco-friendly and renewable approach. This warrants the need to look for a renewable and sustainable source of cellulose. In this regard, bacterial cellulose (BC) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-020-00126-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * R. Z. Sayyed [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Kamrej Cross Road, Kholwad, Surat, Gujarat, India
Department of Microbiology, P.S.G.V.P. Mandal’s, Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, Maharashtra 425409, India
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produced by Pseudomonas sp. and other bacteria has been found as the renewable, eco-friendly, and sustainable and the best alternative to the plant cellulose (Costa et al. 2017; McKenna et al. 2009; Siripong et al. 2012). In comparison to plant cellulose BC has less issues related to purity. Owing to its many useful structural and mechanical properties, it has good commercial demand in various fields including biomedical, food, packaging,
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