The optimization of bacterial cellulose production and its applications: a review
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REVIEW PAPER
The optimization of bacterial cellulose production and its applications: a review Dian Andriani
. Arina Yuthi Apriyana . Myrtha Karina
Received: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising biomaterial due to its specific and excellent properties such as high cellulose purity, mechanical strength, high crystallinity and biodegradability. BC has potential application in electronics, cosmetics, medicine and food and its related products due to its properties. Various chemical compounds have been added to the BC production process to analyse the effect on the BC yield and enhance BC’s properties. In this review, we discuss in-situ and ex-situ modifications and biotechnological approach as alternative optimisation methods in BC production. Given that BC has excellent structural characteristics, which lead to better physical and mechanical properties compared with plant cellulose, the properties and applications of BC are also discussed in this paper. Keywords Biopolymer production BC modification BC application BC properties
D. Andriani (&) A. Y. Apriyana M. Karina Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Komplek LIPI, Jl. Cisitu No. 21/154D, Bandung 40135, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction Given its abundant availability in nature and excellent characteristics such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and relative thermostability (Klemm et al. 2005), cellulose is considered a promising and unlimited raw material resource. For many years, cellulose in the form of plant fibres has played an important role in human life; it is used for energy, construction and fabric materials, and it is a basic material in paper production. Through technology, cellulose has been developed for chemical-based materials. Various studies have been carried out to use cellulose for pharmaceutical applications (Feng et al. 2018; Ciolacu and Suflet 2018), membrane or filtration (Abdellah et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2019; Hu et al. 2019) and drug delivery (Khoshnevisan et al. 2018; Rao et al. 2018). In addition, stabiliser or emulsifier preparation from cellulose has been investigated (Li et al. 2019b; Lu et al. 2018). Through the development of nanotechnology, nano-cellulose for food packaging is now possible (Criado et al. 2019; de Oliveira et al. 2019; Noorbakhsh-Soltani et al. 2018). Moreover, in terms of clean and green energy, cellulose has been tested for energy storage (Konuklu et al. 2019) or fuel cell membranes (Gadim et al. 2017). Considering its interesting properties and environmentally-friendly characteristics, cellulose was improved for paperbased technology, such as bioactive paper used in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, food
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Cellulose
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involves the use of alkali, making it environmentally friendly (Shi et al. 2014). Nishiyama et al. (2003) have studied the ultrastructure
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