UV Radiation in Global Climate Change Measurements, Modeling and Eff

Numerous studies report that ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to living organisms and detrimental to human health. Growing concerns regarding the increased levels of UV-B radiation that reach the earth's surface have led to the development of ground-

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UV Radiation in Global Climate Change Measurements, Modeling and Effects on Ecosystems

Wei Gao Daniel L. Schmoldt James R. Slusser

UV Radiation in Global Climate Change Measurements, Modeling and Effects on Ecosystems

With 176 figures

           

Editors Wei Gao Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Daniel L. Schmoldt Cooperative State Research Education & Extension Service Waterfront Centre, Ste.3422 800 9th Street SW Washington DC 20024, USA E-mail: [email protected]

James R.Slusser Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University, USA E-mail: [email protected]

ISBN 978-7-302-20360-5 Tsinghua University Press, Beijing ISBN 978-3-642-03312-4 e-ISBN 978-3-642-03313-1 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009931054 © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Frido Steinen-Broo, EStudio Calamar, Spain Printed on acid-free paper Springer is a part of Springer Science + Business Media (www.springer.com)

Wei Gao Daniel L. Schmoldt James R. Slusser

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UV Radiation in Global Climate Change Measurements, Modeling and Effects on Ecosystems With 176 figures

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Č.X122 X171 Ё೑⠜ᴀ೒к佚CIP᭄᥂Ḍᄫ (2009) ㄀ 153863 ো 䋷ӏ㓪䕥˖䍉ᔸӳ 䋷ӏ᷵ᇍ˖ 䋷ӏॄࠊ˖ ߎ⠜থ㸠˖⏙ढ໻ᄺߎ⠜⼒ ഄ ഔ˖࣫Ҁ⏙ढ໻ᄺᄺⷨ໻ॺ A ᑻ http://www.tup.com.cn 䚂 㓪˖100084 ⼒ ᘏ ᴎ˖010-6277