Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC in patients with fibromyalgia
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC in patients with fibromyalgia Blanca Notario-Pacheco1*, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno1, Eva Trillo-Calvo2, Mari Cruz Pérez-Yus3, Dolores Serrano-Parra4 and Javier García-Campayo5
Abstract Background: No resilience scale has been validated in Spanish patients with fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the 10-item CD-RISC in a sample of Spanish patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: Design: Observational prospective multicenter study. Sample: Patients with diagnoses of fibromyalgia recruited from primary care settings (N = 208). Instruments: In addition to sociodemographic data, the following questionnaires were administered: Pain Visual Analogue Scale (PVAS), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (10-item CD-RISC), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Results: Regarding construct validity, the factor solution in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was considered adequate, so the KMO test had a value of 0.91, and the Barlett’s test of sphericity was significant (χ2 = 852.8; gl = 45; p < 0.001). Only one factor showed an eigenvalue greater than 1, and it explained 50.4% of the variance. PCA and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results did not show significant differences between groups. The 10-item CD-RISC scale demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.89 for a six-week interval). The 10-item CD-RISC score was significantly correlated with all of the other psychometric instruments in the expected direction, except for the PVAS (−0.115; p = 0.113). Conclusions: Our study confirms that the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC shows, in patients with fibromyalgia, acceptable psychometric properties, with a high level of reliability and validity. Keywords: Resilience, Fibromyalgia, Validation, 10-item CD-RISC
Background Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic disease, very often difficult to diagnose and treat, and characterized by a set of symptoms including chronic musculoskeletal pain, allodynia, hyperalgesia, physical and psychological fatigue, effort intolerance, sleep disturbance, and morning stiffness [1,2]. Because of the associated high consumption of health resources, high work absenteeism, and high load of suffering for patients and their families, fibromyalgia should be considered an important public health issue [3-6].
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Social and Health Care Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano Santa Teresa Jornet Street, 16071 Cuenca, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Evidence suggests that among individuals with chronic pain such as fibromyalgia, arthritis, or osteoarthritis, psychological factors play a key ro
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