Valorization of oat hull fiber from agri-food industrial waste as filler for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyhexano
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Valorization of oat hull fiber from agri‑food industrial waste as filler for poly(3‑hydroxybutyrate‑co‑3‑hydroxyhexanoate) Alberto Giubilini1,2 · Corrado Sciancalepore1,2 · Massimo Messori2,3 · Federica Bondioli2,4 Received: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Oat hull fibers are an agri-food industrial waste used in this research as a filler for a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) matrix, to obtain a fully bio-based polymer-matrix composite material. The compounding process was carried out with a twin-screw extruder, avoiding chemical solvents and employing a technology commonly used by the industrial field. Silanization procedure was run to improve the affinity between the matrix and the filler. Compounds were structurally, microstructurally, mechanically and thermally characterized. Results denote that also at 8 v/v%, oat hull fibers work not only as inert filler, but also they have a slightly improving effect on mechanical properties of neat biopolymer, increasing of almost 12% the Young’s modulus, without a loss in tensile elongation at break. Therefore, this research study is a noteworthy approach which reduces the material costs and PHBH volumes, while valorizing waste biomasses. Keywords Oat hull fibers · Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) · Bio-based and biodegradable compounds · Silanization · Melt compounding
Introduction Environmental issues, sustainability of human lives, depletion of natural resources and pollution caused by all kind of waste are raising always more interest in the modern global discussion [1, 2]. Scientific research is also focusing on the possible changes for a better and safer future; in particular bio-based and biodegradable materials are attracting more interest for industrial application [3, 4]. A copolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) is starting to be highly investigated due to its biodegradability, versatility, processability and mechanical properties. Considering a possible sector of application of this biopolymer with large production * Alberto Giubilini [email protected] 1
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
2
INSTM, National Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
3
Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
4
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
volumes for durable and semi-durable goods, such as household crockery or gardening accessories, the substitution of petroleum-based polymers with eco-friendly and sustainable materials would have a really high and positive impact on the environment. However, this replacement is still hindered by the cost of biopolymers compared to traditional plastic [5]. To overcome this limitation, some research studies have been conducted to replace part of the bulk amount of pristine PHA with
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