Valorization of solid wastes from Dittrichia essential oil extraction as biosorbents for cadmium removal: biosorbent cha
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Valorization of solid wastes from Dittrichia essential oil extraction as biosorbents for cadmium removal: biosorbent characterizations and isotherm modeling N. Hsini1 · M. Abdelwaheb1 · H. Dhaouadi1 · S. Dridi‑Dhaouadi1,2 Received: 27 January 2020 / Revised: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 6 June 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract This work aims to valorize the solid waste resulting from the extraction of essential oils from three species of Dittrichia plants (viscosa, graveolens and crithmoides). The study includes the characterization of these biomaterials and their use in the elimination of the cadmium ion. For each species, taken in the raw state and then in the exhausted state after hydrodistillation, the studies were conducted on the leaves and flowers on the one hand and on the whole aerial part on the other. The results of the surface characterization (scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, point of zero charge and Boehm titration) showed that these residual solids had a low surface area, but revealed the existence of basic and acidic functions ranging from 0.16 to 0.42 meq.g−1 and from 0.65 to 1.90 meq.g−1, respectively. Adsorption experiments showed that solid adsorption capacities ranged from 10.61 to 16.92 mg.g−1 for the raw materials and from 4.72 to 13.16 mg. g−1 for the exhausted materials. Sips three-parameter equation was successfully used to model all adsorption isotherms. The retention of cadmium increased from 4.73 to 16.92 mg.g−1 when varying the acid content from 0.65 to 1.90 meq.g−1. The amount of retained cadmium increased significantly by increasing the pH from 2 to 8 and the temperature from 20 to 60 °C. This work clearly shows the relationship between the surface function content and the retention capacity of cadmium ions by biomaterials. Keywords Adsorption · Cadmium ion · Hydrodistillation · Solid residue · Sips model
Introduction Nowadays, plants that grow in temperate regions are of increasing interest in pharmaceutical research (Chou et al. 2018; Heydari et al. 2018) as well as in the field of cosmetics Editorial responsibility: Binbin Huang. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02803-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. Dridi‑Dhaouadi [email protected]‑monastir.tn 1
Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Research Unity of Applied Chemistry and Environment, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Monastir, Research Unity of Applied Chemistry and Environment‑Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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(Chiocchio et al. 2018; Halla et al. 2018) or agro-food (Calvo-Irabien 2018; Feng et al. 2018). Recent studies have reported on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-carcinogenic activities of the essential oils of several spontaneous and cultivated plants, such as Crocus sativus, Nigella sativa, Coriandru
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