Valorization of Raw Materials Based on Fly Ash of Eggshells and Algerian Sand Dune (Southern West of Algeria) for Synthe
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Valorization of Raw Materials Based on Fly Ash of Eggshells and Algerian Sand Dune (Southern West of Algeria) for Synthesis of Environmentally Cementitious Materials: Synthesis and Characterization Abdelghani Brahimi . Mourad Meghachou . Hichem Abbad . Abdelkader Rahmouni . Mohammed Belbachir
Received: 19 January 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The dominant cementitious materials based on fly ash are attracting attention in the global research community because of their properties that affect their performance such durability, mechanical properties, physical–chemical properties and reduction of carbon dioxide. The present study relates to an economical and environmentally method, capable of being implemented in 2 simple steps. Method of preparing new green cementitious material based on eggshells rich in calcium (Ca) and sand dune (southern of Algeria) rich in silica (SiO2). The first step of preparing SiO2 from sand include sand obtained with size less than 100 microns by washing with an alkali and hydrochloric acid (HCl) followed by washing with distilled water. The sand particles are then dried at room temperature. Further, the second step includes a preparation of fly ash of eggshells with particles size in a range of 100–120 microns. The method includes mixing the silicon dioxide and fly ash particles in predefined ratio, heating the mixture at a temperature for predefined time. Cementitious material was finally
A. Brahimi M. Meghachou H. Abbad Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Djillali Liabes University, 22000 Sidi Bel-Abbes, Algeria A. Rahmouni (&) M. Belbachir Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry (LCP), Department of Chemistry, University of Oran1 Ahmed Benbella, BPN 1524 El’Menouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria e-mail: [email protected]
obtained. The optimal mix has a compressive strength of 49.71 Mpa, is the most flexible (E = 2.63 GPa and ductile (er = 65.42%).The chemical and physical properties of the prepared cementitious material were analyzed by several technics such as XRF, XRD and SEM. Keywords Fly ash Geopolymer Silicon dioxide Sodium silicate Sand dune Eggshells
1 Introduction In the recent years, there has been a higher awareness on the hazardous solid waste generation and its impact on human health, as well as an increased focus on the environmental consequences of waste disposal. This forces the industry to find alternative ways to reuse waste materials. One solution is to reuse the waste materials to create geopolymers as an alternative to cement Ferone et al. (2019); Capasso et al. (2019). Sand dune is any accumulation of sand grains shaped into a mound or ridge by the wind under the influence of gravity Alireza et al. (2010). Sand dunes are comparable to other forms that appear when a fluid moves over a loose bed, such as subaqueous ‘‘dunes’’ on the beds of rivers and tidal estuaries and sand waves on the continental shelves b
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