Various applications of analog signal processing employing voltage differencing current conveyor and only grounded passi
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Various applications of analog signal processing employing voltage differencing current conveyor and only grounded passive elements: a re‑convertible approach Manish Gupta1 · Tajinder Singh Arora2 Received: 12 December 2019 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract A re-convertible circuit that can either act as a current-mode universal filter or as a fully un-coupled dual-mode singleresistance-controlled quadrature oscillator or simply works as a grounded loss-less inductor, by simple selection of appropriate passive switches, is proposed here. The proposed circuit requires a maximum of two voltage differencing current conveyors as an active element in the case of filter and oscillator application, whereas only one active device suffices the purpose of active inductor implementation. In all the cases only grounded passive elements are employed. Various regular analysis for the proposed circuits have also been included here to support the theoretical idea. The workability of these circuits has been demonstrated by practicing PSPICE simulation software with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters along with the experimental justification of the derived application using commercially available integrated circuits. Keywords Analog signal processing · Active filter · Single-resistance-controlled-oscillator · Grounded inductor · Current mode circuits · Universal filter
1 Introduction Analog signal processing is about the conditioning of natural signals. Despite the advancements in digital signal processing, analog signal processing has its own space as all the natural signals are analog in nature. Realization of active filters, sinusoidal oscillators, and synthetic inductors attracted the researchers due to their different applications in communication, signal processing, and control engineering as a signal generator, frequency selective filters, etc. [1, 2]. The design solutions for analog signal processing applications by employing different active building blocks such as the realization of a synthetic inductor [3–8], formation of active filters [9–21], and generation of sinusoidal oscillators [19, 21–33] are available in the
open literature. Inductors can be further classified as grounded [3–7] and ungrounded or floating inductors [6, 8]. On the other hand, active filters can also be classified as current-mode (whereas input and output both are the functions of current only) [9–11, 14–19, 21], voltage mode (when the input and output both are voltages) [12, 13, 20], trans-impedance mode (when the current is fed at the input of the circuit and voltage is obtained as an output) and trans-conductance mode (when the output is in the form of current and voltage is the input to the circuit) [11, 12, 15] . In sinusoidal oscillators single phase output [27, 30] and multiphase outputs [19, 21–26, 28, 29, 31–33] can be the major criterion to divide the other class of oscillators. Quadrature oscillators are being a special class of multiphase oscillators that can also be classified as voltage-mo
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