Varying levels of protection against Plasmodium falciparium infection were conferred on non-users of long lasting insect
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Varying levels of protection against Plasmodium falciparium infection were conferred on non-users of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINS) sleeping in rooms where different number of LLINS were hung in hyper endemic state of West Africa A. S. Babalola1
•
O. A. Idowu1 • O. G. Omilabu1
Received: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract The use of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) has greatly reduced the health and economic impact posed by malaria. This study evaluated the residual effect of LLINs on malaria parasite infections among nonLLIN users sleeping in rooms where nets were hung. This study was carried out at Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 259 students were systematically recruited into this study and were classified into two groups of LLINs users and non-users. The LLIN users were further classified according to the proportion of net usage and this includes; \ 50%, exactly 50% and [ 50% respectively. Finger prick blood samples were collected from the participants and microscopically analysed for the presence of parasites. Demographic characteristics were also recorded. A general prevalence of 40.5% positivity for malaria was recorded among the study population. A significantly high prevalence (p \ 0.05) of malaria was recorded among non-users of LLINs compared to users (AOR 4.66, 95%CI 1.27–17.06). A significantly low prevalence of malaria parasite infection was recorded among non-users of LLINs occupying rooms where LLINs was hung compared with non-users from rooms where LLIN were not used. Furthermore, a reduction in prevalence of malaria and parasite densities was observed among non-users of LLINs (occupying rooms where LLINs was hung) as the proportion of LLIN usage increased in such rooms (p \ 0.05). This study showed that some level of protection may be conferred on non-users of LLINs staying in rooms where LLINs are hung. & A. S. Babalola [email protected] 1
Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Keywords Malaria infection Odeda Residual protection LLIN Social practices
Introduction Malaria remains a continuing health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and its complications are more serious among children less than 5 years and pregnant women (WHO 2018). The destructive effects of malaria on the vulnerable groups and the socio-economic development of the Nation can be reduced to the barest minimum through prevention (WHO 2011). The main strategies of malaria prevention according to World Health Organization (WHO), are Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) for pregnant women, effective case management and Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) especially for children under the age of five (WHO 2011). The major malaria vector responsible for malaria transmission in Nigeria is the Anopheles gambiae s.s. Other malaria vectors in Nigeria includes; Anopheles funestus, Anopheles moucheti nigeriensis, Anopheles melas,
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