Efficacy evaluation of Veeralin LN, a PBO-incorporated alpha-cypermethrin long-lasting insecticidal net against Anophele
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Malaria Journal Open Access
RESEARCH
Efficacy evaluation of Veeralin LN, a PBO‑incorporated alpha‑cypermethrin long‑lasting insecticidal net against Anopheles culicifacies in experimental huts in Odisha State Gunasekaran Kasinathan, Sudhansu Sekhar Sahu* , Nallan Krishnamoorthy, Mohammed Mustafa Baig, Sonia Thankachy, Smrutidhara Dash, Swaminathan Subramanian and Purushothaman Jambulingam
Abstract Background: The success of malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is threatened by pyrethroid resistance developed by the malaria vectors, worldwide. To combat the resistance, synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) incorporated LLINs is one of the available options. In the current phase II hut trial, the efficacy of Veeralin®LN (an alpha-cypermethrin and PBO-incorporated net) was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies, a pyrethroid resistant malaria vector. Methods: The performance of Veeralin®LN was compared with MAGNet®LN and untreated net in reducing the entry, induced exit, mortality and blood feeding inhibition of target vector species. Results: The performance of Veeralin was equal to MAGNet in terms of reducing hut entry, inhibiting blood feeding and inducing exophily, and with regard to causing mortality Veeralin was better than MAGNet. When compared to untreated net, a significant reduction in hut entry and blood feeding and an increase in exophily and mortality were observed with Veeralin. In cone bioassays, unwashed Veeralin caused > 80% mortality of An. culicifacies. Conclusions: Veeralin performed equal to (entry, exit, feeding) or better than (mortality in huts and cone bioassays) MAGNet and could be an effective tool against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors. Keywords: Alpha-cypermethrin, Anopheles culicifacies, Experimental huts, Piperonyl butoxide, Veeralin Background Controlling the malaria vectors with indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides and/or long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is the major approach used for preventing malaria transmission [1]. Recent studies established that up-scaling of these tools has paved way for malaria reduction in many countries [1]. Pyrethroids are the insecticides primarily used in various formulations for mosquito control especially in LLINs [1]. Due *Correspondence: [email protected] Indian Council of Medical Research-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
to the extended use of LLINs and IRS, increased spread of vector resistance to different insecticides has been reported worldwide, which could compromise the effectiveness of these interventions [1–5], thereby limiting the use of LLINs for malaria control in many parts of the world [1]. Although, new molecules with different modes of action have been pre-qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO) for LLIN treatment, synthetic pyrethroids are the primary class of insecticide licensed for treating bed nets and other netting materials used for personal protection [6]. Therefore, there is a need for preserving the effec
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