Virtual Prototyping & Bio Manufacturing in Medical Applications
Virtual and physical prototyping is rapidly emerging as an active research area that integrates fundamental principles of engineering with a view towards solving complex problems in the human body in a medical environment. Preliminary research resul
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Virtual Prototyping & Bio Manufacturing in Medical Applications
Virtual Prototyping & Bio Manufacturing in Medical Applications
Bopaya Bidanda · Paulo J. B´artolo Editors
Virtual Prototyping & Bio Manufacturing in Medical Applications
Editors Bopaya Bidanda Ernest Roth Professor & Chairman Department of Industrial Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
ISBN: 978-0-387-33429-5
Paulo B´artolo Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development Institute for Polymers and Composites Polytechnic Institute of Leiria School of Technology and Management Morro do Lena Alto do Veria, Leiria Portugal
e-ISBN: 978-0-387-68831-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007928989 c 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
This book is dedicated to our parents Maria Alice and Francisco Bartolo ´ & Neena and Monapa Bidanda And our families Helena and Pedro Louella, Maya & Rahul for their constant support and cheeriness throughout this project!
Preface
We are especially pleased to present our edited book in an area that is quickly emerging as one of the most active research areas that integrate both engineering and medicine. Preliminary research results show significant potential in effecting major breakthroughs ranging from a reduction in the number of corrective surgeries needed to the ‘scientific miracle’ of generating tissue growth. Over $600 million has been in invested in tissue engineering last year alone—a large and significant component of this is in the area of virtual and physical prototyping. Virtual & Physical prototyping can broadly be divided into three categories: Modeling, Manufacturing & Materials. This book focuses on the first part and some areas of the second. The second book in this series will focus on the areas in the second and third categories. As you will see from this book, the principles utilized draw heavily from the more traditional engineering fields including mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, civil engineering (structures), electrical engineering and bio engineering. The first chapter by Winder provides an insight into the practicalities of creating custom made implants for the skull details. The concept of cranioplasty, describing the correction of a bone defect or deformity i
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