Vitamin D in Head and Neck Cancer: a Systematic Review
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INTEGRATIVE CARE (C LAMMERSFELD, SECTION EDITOR)
Vitamin D in Head and Neck Cancer: a Systematic Review Antti Mäkitie 1,2,3 & Iida Tuokkola 1 & Göran Laurell 4 & Outi Mäkitie 5 & Kerry Olsen 6 & Robert P. Takes 7 Ewa Florek 8 & Krzysztof Szyfter 9 & Cornelis F. M. Sier 10 & Alfio Ferlito 11
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Accepted: 5 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose of review Observational studies have shown that serum 25-OH vitamin D [25(OH)D] is inversely associated with overall cancer risk in many malignancies. We performed a systematic literature review to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is related to head and neck cancer (HNC) etiology and outcome. Recent findings The search yielded five prospective studies reporting 25(OH)D levels prior to cancer diagnosis and their effect on the risk of HNC. Eight studies were cross-sectional or case-control studies, in which 25(OH)D levels were only measured after cancer diagnosis. Two studies found an inverse association between 25(OH)D level and HNC risk, while two other prospective cohort studies demonstrated no connection between 25(OH)D and HNC risk. Several studies reported cancer patients to have significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than controls. Associations between 25(OH)D and prognosis and mortality were variable. Summary The link between vitamin D and HNC has so far only been investigated in a few observational, prospective, and casecontrol studies. Vitamin D deficiency may be more common in HNC patients than in the healthy population. There is no evidence for a causal relationship. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether low 25(OH)D concentrations play a role in the development or outcome of HNCs. Keywords Carcinoma . Etiology . Deficiency . Malignancy . Surgery . Radiotherapy
This article was written by members and invitees of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group (www.ihnsg.com). This article is part of the Topical Collection on Integrative Care * Antti Mäkitie [email protected] 1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 263, FI-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
2
Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
3
Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
4
Department of Surgical Sciences, ENT, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
5
Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
6
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
7
Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
8
Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
9
Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
10
Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Le
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