Vortex and Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction for the Determination of Pesticide Res
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Vortex and Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Honey Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Mir-Michael Mousavia, Fardin Javanmardia, Hashem Andishmandb, Mojtaba Momenib, and Mansour Mahmoudpourb, c, * a
Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran bDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran cFood and Drug Safety Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 18, 2018; revised June 28, 2018; accepted March 8, 2020
Abstract—A novel sample pre-treatment technique based on vortex and ultrasound-assisted surfactantenhanced emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric detection has been developed to determine the selected pesticide residues in honey samples. The key parameters which have affected extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the extraction recovery was 90–101% and the enrichment factors were 173–191. The concentration ranges of detection and quantification limits were from 0.03 to 0.9 ng/g and from 0.1 to 3 ng/g, respectively, in honey samples. The relative standard deviation was
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