Development of Method Based on Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Air-Assisted for Multi-Element Determination of
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Development of Method Based on Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Air-Assisted for Multi-Element Determination of Cadmium and Manganese in Sugarcane Spirit (Brazilian cachaça) by FAAS Adrielle S. Fontes 1 & Julia C. Romero 1 & Leonardo B. Guimarães 1 & Erik G. P. da Silva 1 & Daniel de C. Lima 1 & Fábio Alan C. Amorim 1,2 Received: 8 April 2019 / Accepted: 11 July 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract In this work, a new method was developed for multi-element determination of Cd and Mn in samples of sugarcane spirit (cachaça) by FAAS using the air-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (AA-DLLME). After univariate and multivariate optimizations (mixture design), the experimental conditions were as follows: 5.2 mL of sample at pH 8.5, 0.7 mL 10% (w/ v) NaCl solution, 120 μL of trichlorethylene (extraction solvent) containing 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) at 0.05% (w/v) as chelating agent, six cycles of stirring the mixture with a glass syringe, and 3 min of centrifugation. In these conditions, the calibration curve obtained for Cd was Abs = 0.0158CCd + 0.0333, with R2 0.9951 and for Mn was Abs = 0.0011CMn + 0.0142 and R2 0.9911. The limits of detection, enrichment factor, and consumption index were, respectively, 0.51 μg L−1, 79 and 0.07 mL for Cd, and 1.64 μg L−1, 18, and 0.28 mL for Mn. Precision was evaluated at concentrations of 5 and 10 μg L−1, and RSD% (N = 10) was 0.97% and 6.6% for Cd and 2.8% and 4.5% for Mn, respectively. Addition and recovery tests in samples of Brazilian cachaça were performed to evaluate the accuracy, and recoveries were 87% to 120%, with concentrations found between 1.20 and 3.05 μg L−1 for Cd and between 6.98 and 14.4 μg L−1 for Mn. The developed method proved to be sensitive, efficient, simple, fast, and having low reagent consumption, and of applicability not previously reported in the literature. Keywords AA-DLLME . Cadmium . Manganese . Mixture design . cachaça
Introduction Distilled alcoholic beverages are widely consumed by the population in all parts of the world (Bortoletto and Alcarde 2015). While the term “aguardente” used to be spoken long before the arrival of the slaves in Brazil, it was referred to beverages obtained from grapes, cereals, and other sugar Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01600-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Fábio Alan C. Amorim [email protected] 1
Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Highway Jorge Amado km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia CEP 45662-900, Brazil
2
Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia CEP 45.662-900, Brazil
vegetables, as sugarcane, or even from the distillation of wine. The term “cachaça” is used exclusively for the alcoholic beverage obtained by the distillation of the fermented must of the sugarcane juice produced in Brazil, wh
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