Magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction for determination of two organophosphorus pesticides in cucumber and ora
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Magnetic dispersive solid‑phase microextraction for determination of two organophosphorus pesticides in cucumber and orange samples Parisa Mohammadi1 · Mahboubeh Masrournia1 · Zarrin Es’haghi2 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract In this study, a magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction technique based on chitosan–iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite (CS@Fe3O4) as sensitive and inexpensive sorbent was developed for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of malathion and fenitrothion in fruit and vegetable samples before determining with GC–FID. The structures, morphologies, and properties of the nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The significant factors such as pH, sample solution volumes, extraction time, the type and amount of nanocomposites, type and volume of desorption solvent, and desorption time were investigated and optimized. One factor at the time and an experimental design approach were utilized to optimize the selected factors. In the optimal conditions, the linear range for malathion and fenitrothion was 1.0–400.0 and 3.4–600.0 µg L−1 with a suitable R2 (≥ 0.992), respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard divisions (RSDs) were lower than 4.83 and 4.90 for both analytes, respectively. Limit of detection for the determination of malathion and fenitrothion was 0.3 and 1.0 ng mL−1, respectively. The proposed method showed a high recovery percentage in the range of 95.8–106.0 and low RSDs (≤ 5.0) for the determination of malathion and fenitrothion in the cucumber and orange samples. Keywords Malathion · Fenitrothion · Microextraction · Chitosan · Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Introduction Pesticides are used to remove pests, diseases, and weeds in many countries, which leads to reduced post-harvest waste. On the other hand, increasing consumption and poor quality of these pesticides have raised concerns about the potential adverse effects on human health [1]. When the amount of pesticides exceeds the allowed and acceptable level, appropriate measures should take to investigate its cause and to prevent its recurrence. Around the world, the decomposition of pesticide residues from food and environmental samples has been carried out at numerous companies and private laboratories [2–5]. Some quality control laboratories still to measure the decomposition level of pesticides in food samples. Therefore, the development of new, rapid, and * Mahboubeh Masrournia [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2
effective decomposition methods is essential for laboratories to improve decomposition quality and laboratory efficiency. Besides, there is a strong tendency to develop new Anal. Methods with high sensitivity and selectivity to measure the residual amount of pesticides in f
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