Vortex wakes of Aircrafts
The book presents methods of mathematical modeling of vortex wakes of aircraft in flights at high altitudes and close to the ground at take-off-landing regimes. The modeling is based on an extensive application of the method of discrete vortices in aircra
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A.S. Ginevsky · A.I. Zhelannikov
Vortex Wakes of Aircrafts With 162 Figures
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Series Editors: V.I. Babitsky University Loughborough Department of Mechanical Engineering Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire United Kingdom
Authors: A.S. Ginevsky Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute (TsAGI) Radio St. 17 Moskva Russia 107005
J. Wittenburg Universit¨at Karlsruhe Fakult¨at Maschinenbau Institut f¨ur Technische Mechanik Kaiserstrasse 12 76128 Karlsruhe Germany A.I. Zhelannikov Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute (TsAGI) Radio St. 17 Moskva Russia 107005
ISSN 1612-1384 e-ISSN 1860-6237 ISBN 978-3-642-01759-9 e-ISBN 978-3-642-01760-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-01760-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009930545 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
CONTENTS Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
7
9
Chapter 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.1. Atmospheric turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Aircraft vortex wake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3. Turbulence characteristics of the vortex wake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4. Present-day methods for numerical simulation of vortex wakes behind trunk-route aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 4 9 10
Chapter 2. Discrete vortex method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2.1. Problem statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Fundamentals of the discrete vortex method . . . . . . 2.3. Point vortex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4. Vortex segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5. Closed vortex frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6. Numerical modeling
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