Vulnerabilities of cities to disaster: the 2003 earthquake in Boumerdes (Algeria)
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Vulnerabilities of cities to disaster: the 2003 earthquake in Boumerdes (Algeria) Farida Sehili
. Said Madani
. Nancy Meschinet de Richemond
Accepted: 29 October 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study attempts to explain, through the analysis of the 2003 earthquake in the province of Boumerdes. The unequal distribution of damages between one city and another by testing the risk management model according to which social and physical vulnerabilities are directly linked to places. To assess physical and social vulnerabilities before and after this disaster, we selected a set of indices based on a deductive approach, and adopted GIS to spatialize these vulnerabilities. The results show that the degree of the population vulnerability to hazards does not depend exclusively on the proximity of the source or the physical nature of the hazard, but that the most vulnerable municipalities, in terms of acquired social status, are positively associated with the damage caused by the disaster. We have confirmed the intersection of physical and social vulnerability levels, and most socially vulnerable societies live in areas of high physical vulnerability. This research reinforces the idea that disasters are the result of an interaction F. Sehili (&) S. Madani PUVIT Laboratory, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, 19000, Setif, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] S. Madani e-mail: [email protected] N. Meschinet de Richemond UMR GRED/Paul Vale´ry University of Montpellier III & IRD, Montpellier, France e-mail: [email protected]
between physical and social vulnerabilities, and the importance of understanding the different impact of hazardous events is crucial to reducing the negative impact of natural disasters in Algeria and globally. Keywords Hazard Physical vulnerability Social vulnerability Model of vulnerability Assessment methods SIG
Introduction In the last 20 years, Algeria, has witnessed an exponential expansion of physical impacts and losses caused by natural hazards. Disasters caused by earthquakes (e.g. the 2003 earthquake in Boumerdes, the great Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2011 earthquake in the Great East of Japan, etc.) illustrate their negative impact on individuals and societies and how these events occur across geographical boundaries and on many different scales that affect governments, institutions, economic sectors, livelihoods and people (Burton et al. 2014). After disaster, human and economic losses are unequally distributed inside and between regions, communities and groups of individuals; this was the case in the county of Boumerdes after the disaster of 2003. Understanding the differential impact of
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hazardous events is essential to reduce the negative impact of natural disasters (Morrow 2008). The assessment of the damage caused to buildings was carried out, to evaluate the impact of the seismic hazard on buildings, this is crucial for estimating the costs and dama
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