Wastewater Management Through Aquaculture
This volume provides state-of-the-art information on soil-water interactions in wastewater systems, characterization of wastewater, modes of treatment, safety of wastewater use, water conservation technologies involved in recycling of sewage in fish cultu
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water Management Through Aquaculture
Wastewater Management Through Aquaculture
B. B. Jana • R. N. Mandal • P. Jayasankar Editors
Wastewater Management Through Aquaculture
Editors B. B. Jana International Centre for Ecological Engineering University of Kalyani Kalyani, West Bengal, India
R. N. Mandal Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture ICAR Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Centre for Environmental Protection & Human Resource Development (Kalyani Shine India) Kalyani, West Bengal, India P. Jayasankar Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture ICAR Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
ISBN 978-981-10-7247-5 ISBN 978-981-10-7248-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7248-2
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962306 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Foreword
The efficient use of freshwater is an important concern for the future, because many areas in the world are facing water scarcity on a continual basis or during drought years. The major use of freshwater globally is for food production. Aquaculture is a particularly water-intensive activity, and it competes with traditional agriculture for freshwater in many areas. There is urgent need to improve water use efficiency in all types of agriculture – aquaculture included. One way of improving water use in aquaculture is by increasing the intensity of production. The largest production sector is pond aquaculture, in which fertilizers are applied to increase the availability of natural feed or manufactured feeds are applied. Fertilized ponds already tend to be managed for the highest level of production
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