Water and Energy

Energy plays a major role in the Canadian economy and the Canadian way of living. The rigorous climate, an energy-intensive industrial base, relatively low energy prices, a low population density and large distances between population as well as the high

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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Asit K. Biswas (Ed.)

Water Resources ofNorthAmerica with 66 Figures and 41 Tables

Springer

PROFESSOR ASIT

K.

BISWAS

Avenida Manantial Griente 27 Los Clubes, Atizapan Estado de Mexico, 52958, Mexico Email: [email protected]

cover photo: © Bryan P. Bernart

ISBN 978-3-642-05550-8 ISBN 978-3-662-10868-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-10868-0 Cataloging-in- Publication Data Biswas, Asit K. W ater resources of North America I Asit K. Biswas. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). l.

Water resources development-North America. 2. Water-supply-North AmericaManagement. I. Tide.

This work is subject to Copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically llie rights or translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this pubhcation or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law orSeptember 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be o!Jtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2003. Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 2003 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the application of operative techniques and meaications contained in this book. In every individual case tlie user must clieck such information by consulting the relevant literature. Camera ready by authors Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Printedon acid-free paper 32/314lfas 54 3 2 1 0

Preface

Leonardo da Vinci, the eminent Renaissance scholar and philosopher said, "water is the driver of nature". Many may have considered it to be an overstatement in the past, but at the beginning of the third millennium, no sane individual would disagree with Leonardo's view. Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource for most of the world's citizens. The current trends indicate that the overall situation is likely to deteriorate further, at least for the next two decades, unless the water profession eschews its existing "business as usual" practices, which can only allow incremental changes to occur. Somewhat surprisingly, the water profession as a whole neither realised nor appreciated the gravity of the global water situation as late as 1990, even though a few serious scholars have been pointing out the increasing criticality of the situation from around 1982. For example, the seriousness of the crisis was not a major issue, either at the International Conference on