Water immersion methods do not alter muscle damage and inflammation biomarkers after high-intensity sprinting and jumpin
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Water immersion methods do not alter muscle damage and inflammation biomarkers after high‑intensity sprinting and jumping exercise E. K. Ahokas1 · H. Kyröläinen1 · A. A. Mero1 · S. Walker1 · H. G. Hanstock2 · J. K. Ihalainen1,2 Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three water immersion interventions performed after active recovery compared to active recovery only on the resolution of inflammation and markers of muscle damage post-exercise. Methods Nine physically active men (n = 9; age 20‒35 years) performed an intensive loading protocol, including maximal jumps and sprinting on four occasions. After each trial, one of three recovery interventions (10 min duration) was used in a random order: cold-water immersion (CWI, 10 °C), thermoneutral water immersion (TWI, 24 °C), contrast water therapy (CWT, alternately 10 °C and 38 °C). All of these methods were performed after an active recovery (10 min bicycle ergometer), and were compared to active recovery only (ACT). 5 min, 1, 24, 48, and 96 h after exercise bouts, immune response and recovery were assessed through leukocyte subsets, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, myoglobin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations. Results Significant changes in all blood markers occurred at post-loading (p 0.5. Conclusions The recovery methods did not affect the resolution of inflammatory and immune responses after high-intensity sprinting and jumping exercise. It is notable that the biomarker responses were variable within individuals. Thus, the lack of differences between recovery methods may have been influenced by the reliability of exercise-induced biomarker responses. Keywords Cold-water immersion · Thermoneutral water immersion · Contrast water therapy · Recovery · Inflammation Abbreviations ACT Active recovery only CK Creatine kinase activity COR Serum cortisol Communicated by Michalis G Nikolaidis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04481-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * J. K. Ihalainen [email protected] 1
Biology of Physical Activity, NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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CWT Contrast water therapy CWI Cold-water immersion hsCRP High-sensitivity C-reactive protein MCP-1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 TWI Thermoneutral water immersion WBC Leukocytes
Introduction High-intensity exercise results in numerous physiological perturbations and insufficient recovery from these perturbations might result in suboptimal performance and training quality during subsequent training sessions, while chronic imbalance between training stress and recovery might lead to suboptimal trai
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