Ways of Escape Modern Transformations in Leisure and Travel

Modern life is often described as an iron cage from which there is no escape. But popular culture venerates leisure and travel as authentic escape routes from routine and monotony. However what kind of escape is tolerated in modern society? How is it shap

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Also by Chris Rojek CAPITALISM AND LEISURE THEORY FORGET BAUDRILLARD?

(co-editor with B. Tumer)

THE HAUNT O F MISERY (co-editor with G. Peacock and S. Col/ins) LEISURE FOR LEISURE (editor) SOCIAL WORK AND RECEIVED IDEAS (with G. Peacock and S. Collins) SPORT AND LEISURE IN THE CIVILIZING PROCESS (co-editor with E. Dunning)

Ways of Escape Modern Transformations in Leisure and Travel Chris Rojek Senior Editor in Sociology Routledge

M

© Chris Rojek 1993

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted sa.ve with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1993 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-47578-2 ISBN 978-0-230-37340-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230373402

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

For TD. (1954-79) - Who Escaped ???

Contents Acknowledgement

viii

Preface

ix

Introduction: Welcome to Greenfield Village

1

1

The Management of Pleasure

10

2

Thoroughly Modern Woman

51

3

Disorganized Leisure?

97

4

Fatal Attractions

136

5

Wonderful W orId

173

6

Conclusion

204

Notes

217

Bibliography

233

Index

247

vii

List of Illustrations 1 Some Modernist categories

3

2

'The Social Calendar'

43

3

Arlington National Cemetery, Washington DC

139

4

Westwood Memorial Park, Los Angeles

140

5

Thomas Hardy Country

159

6

The view of the world from Redondo Beach

193

7

Maerten van Heemskerck's sixteenth-century representation of the Pyramids in Egypt

197

Maerten van Heemskerck's representation of the Colossus

197

8

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author and publishers wish to acknowledge with thanks the source of the illustration on page 193, and to state that they have tried without success to contact the copyright-holder. They will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

viii

Preface The critic who complains that this book sometimes reads as if it doesn't have both feet on the ground has a point. For much of it was conceived, considered and executed in mid-air as I flew from city to city in Europe and the USA pursuing my responsibilities as Senior Editor in Sociology at Routledge. Although air travel is commonly associated with anxiety, I have always found it to bring me peace of mind. Up there one is, as it were, suspended from earthly cares. Looking down from above the clouds one cannot avoid thinking. And I often think about the circumstances that led me into a career which I never intended to follow - but