Eutrophication Management and Ecotoxicology
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C. Th. Scholten, E.M. Foekema, H.P. Van Dokkum, N.H.B.M. Kaag and R.G. Jak
Eutrophication Management and Ecotoxicology With 75 Figures
MARTIN C.TH. SCHOLTEN EDWIN M. FOEKEMA HENNO P. VAN DOKKUM NICOLAAS H.B.M. KAAG ROBBERT G. JAK TNO-MEP P.O. BOX 57 1780 AB, DEN HELDER THE NETHERLANDS E-MAIL: [email protected]
ISSN 1431-6250 ISBN 3-540-22210-3 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2004114232
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Table of Contents
1 Eutrophication and the Ecosystem .......................................................1 1.1 Background.......................................................................................1 1.2 Eutrophic and Eutrophicated Waters................................................2 1.3 Trophic Cascades in Freshwaters ....................................................5 1.4 Eutrophicated Waters: Disturbed Trophic Cascades .....................13 2 Daphnid Grazing Ecology.....................................................................21 2.1 Daphnids and Their Ecological Role...............................................21 2.2 Daphnid Grazing Effectiveness – Concept and Measurement ............................................................38 2.3 Modelling Daphnid Grazing Effectiveness......................................49 3 Toxic Reduction of Daphnid Grazing Effectiveness ..........................57 3.1 Daphnid Ecotoxicology ...................................................................57 3.2 Observations from Mesocosm Studies ..........................................62 3.3 Daphnid Grazing Effectiveness in Response to Toxicant Exposure ......................................................................72 4 Field Observations of Daphnid Grazing ..............................................81 4.1 Two Different Lakes in Holland .................................
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