Wind Energy Proceedings of the Euromech Colloquium
This book comprises reports on basic research, as well as research related to the practical exploitation and application of wind energy. "Wind Energy" comprehensively describes the atmospheric turbulent wind condition on different time scales, and th
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Wind Energy Proceedings of the Euromech Colloquium
123
Wind Energy Proceedings of the Euromech Colloquium
Joachim Peinke, Peter Schaumann and Stephan Barth (Eds.)
Wind Energy Proceedings of the Euromech Colloquium
With 199 Figures and 14 Tables
123
Prof. Dr. Joachim Peinke
Dr. Stephan Barth
ForWind - Center for Wind Energy Research Institute of Physics Carl- von-O ssietzky University O ldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany [email protected]
ForWind - Center for Wind Energy Research Institute of Physics Carl-von-O ssietzky University O ldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany [email protected]
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Schaumann ForWind - Center for Wind Energy Research University of Hannover Institute for Steel Construction Appelstrasse 9a 30167 Hannover Germany schaumann@ stahl.uni-hannover.de
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006932261
ISBN-10 3-540-33865-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-33865-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media. springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. A X package Typesetting by the editors and SPi using Springer LT E Cover design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg
Printed on acid-free paper
SPIN 11534280
89/3100/SPi 5 4 3 2 1 0
Preface
Wind energy is one of the prominent renewable energy sources on earth. During the last decade there has been a tremendous growth, both in size and power of wind energy converters (WECs). The global installed power has increased from 7.5 GW in 1997 to more than 50 GW in 2005 (WWEA – March 2005). At the same time, turbines have grown from kW machines to 5 MW turbines with rotor diameters of more than 100 m. This enormous development and the more recent use in offshore application made high demands on design, construction and operation of WECs. Thus not only a new major industry has been established but also a new interdisciplinary field of research affecting scientists from engineering, physics and meteorology. In order to tackle the problems and reservations in this interdisciplinary community of wind energy scientists, ForWind, the Center for Wind Energy Research of the Universities of Oldenburg and Hanover, arranged the EUR
