Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts Balancing Energy Sustainability wi

This book provides a state-of-art overview of the significant advances in understanding the impacts of wind energy on wildlife.  However, many challenges remain regarding planning and policy, assessment of direct and indirect effects on wildlife, met

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Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts Balancing Energy Sustainability with Wildlife Conservation

Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts

Regina Bispo • Joana Bernardino • Helena Coelho José Lino Costa Editors

Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts Balancing Energy Sustainability with Wildlife Conservation

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Editors Regina Bispo Department of Mathematics and Centre for Mathematics and Applications (CMA) Faculty of Sciences and Technology of NOVA University of Lisbon Monte da Caparica, Portugal

Joana Bernardino CIBIO/InBIO – Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources University of Porto Vair˜ao, Portugal

MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon Lisbon, Portugal

José Lino Costa MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon Lisbon, Portugal

Helena Coelho Bioinsight Odivelas, Portugal

ISBN 978-3-030-05519-6 ISBN 978-3-030-05520-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05520-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019931842 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

We are very pleased to introduce the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Wind energy and Wildlife impacts (CWW 2017), held on 6–8 September 2017, at the Centro de Congressos do Estoril, Portugal. Wind power can be used in many ways and has several known advantages. It is renewable, does not involve carbon emissions, minimizes overdependence on traditional sources of electricity, and has domestic potential, among other important gains. However, the potential for impacts on wildlife is still a reality with potential to affect populations of many species, d