Wireless, battery-free and wearable device for electrically controlled drug delivery: sodium salicylate released from bi
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Wireless, battery-free and wearable device for electrically controlled drug delivery: sodium salicylate released from bilayer polypyrrole by near-field communication on smartphone Jinglong Liu 1 & Zhaoyang Liu 1 & Xin Li 1 & Lihang Zhu 1 & Gang Xu 1 & Zetao Chen 1 & Chen Cheng 1 & Yanli Lu 1 Qingjun Liu 1
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# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Compared with traditional drug delivery methods, transdermal drug delivery has many advantages in avoiding the side effects in gastrointestinal tract, reducing the fluctuations in drug concentration, and improving patients’ compliance. Among them, electrically controlled drug delivery is a promising solution. This work presents a wireless, battery-free and wearable device with electrically controlled drug delivery capability. The electronic component of the device is a flexible circuit board with a temperature sensor and a near-field communication module. With the help of smartphone, the device could wirelessly obtain energy and implement data transmission. The drug delivery component is a paper-based electrode modified with polypyrrole, in which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sodium salicylate was encapsulated. The applied potential for electrically controlled drug delivery was more negative than −0.6 V. The drug release dose and release rates could be controlled by applying potentials with different amplitudes and durations through this device. It provided a minimalized wearable transdermal drug delivery platform for monitoring diseases such as gout. This wearable device shows promising potential in develop closed-loop drug delivery and monitoring systems for the treatment of various diseases. Keywords Controlled drug delivery . Flexible circuit . Wireless and battery-free system . Wearable device . Near-field communication
1 Introduction With the development of materials science and engineering technology, various advanced and effective drug delivery methods have been developed (Fenton et al. 2018; Li and Mooney 2016). Compared to oral administration or injection, transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive option to improve overall efficacy and patient compliance (Chen et al. 2010; Amjadi et al. 2018; Zhou et al. 2018). Generally, drugs loaded in different materials can be released through the skin into the blood circulation to achieve local or systemic therapeutic effects (Zhou et al. 2018; Xia et al. 2020). Additionally, this method can avoid the first pass effects, reduce the * Yanli Lu [email protected] 1
Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
gastrointestinal side effects, and provide the constant drug concentration in blood (El-Kattan et al. 2000). As a noninvasive drug delivery way, transdermal drug delivery could also improve patient adherence, which might be poised to significantly increase its impact on medicine (Amjadi et al. 2018; Svirskis
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