Women in the Pharmaceutical Sciences: Honoring Our Pioneers
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Editorial Theme: Celebrating Women in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Guest Editors: Diane Burgess, Marilyn Morris and Meena Subramanyam
Women in the Pharmaceutical Sciences: Honoring Our Pioneers Amy Lavelle1 and Marilyn E. Morris2,3
Received 5 October 2020; accepted 9 October 2020 ; published online 23 October 2020
The AAPS J theme issue “Celebrating Women in the Pharmaceutical Sciences” recognizes the contributions women have made to science in the broad research area included in the term “pharmaceutical sciences.” Similar to most scientific areas, it has been a slow process for women reaching the upper echelons of the pharmaceutical world in industry or academia. Historically, a number of women have achieved distinction. A few that have greatly impacted our science in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry and academia are included here. Marie Curie (1867–1934) was a Polish mathematician and pioneering chemist who developed the theory of radioactivity and discovered two chemical elements of the periodic table, polonium and radium. She also invented “Petites Curies,” mobile x-ray units for use in field hospitals during World War I. Curie was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 and a second Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, the only woman in history who has been awarded two Nobel Prizes. The Curie Institute that she founded in 1920 remains a major cancer research institute in Paris (https://www.wikipedia.org/, https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/meet-10wome n-in-science -who-changed-the-world, https:// www.proclinical.com/blogs/2020-3/10-most-influential-womenin-history-of-science-and-medicine). Margaret Oakley Dayhoff (1925–1983) was an American physical chemist, research biochemist, and is known as one of the most influential scientists in the development of bioinformatics. She joined the National Biomedical Research Foundation in 1959. She is best known for her innovative method of sequencing of proteins and nucleic acids through the application of mathematics and computational techniques. In
Guest Editors: Diane Burgess, Marilyn Morris and Meena Subramanyam 1
Manager Labs, Immunochemistry R&D, PPD Laboratories®, 2244 Dabney Rd, Richmond, VA 23230-3323, USA. 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214-8033, USA. 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. (e–mail: [email protected])
1965, she published the Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure which reported all known protein sequences. This eventually led to establishment of the first publicly available database for protein sequences: The Protein Information Resource (https://www.wikipedia.org/). Gertrude “Trudy” Elion (1918–1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist who started as a food quality supervisor for A&P Supermarkets before moving to Johnson and Johnson testing suture strength. In 1944, she joined Burroughs-Wellcome (now GSK) as a researcher, working in drug development where she developed the a
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