Women and the Natural Sciences in Edwardian Britain In Search of Fel
This book tells the story of how women first fought for inclusion in scientific societies in Edwardian Britain. Though educational opportunities in schools and universities were improving, there were few fellowships or chances of paid employment in the sc
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Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology Series Editors James Rodger Fleming Colby College Waterville, ME, USA Roger D. Launius Auburn, AL, USA
Designed to bridge the gap between the history of science and the history of technology, this series publishes the best new work by promising and accomplished authors in both areas. In particular, it offers historical perspectives on issues of current and ongoing concern, provides international and global perspectives on scientific issues, and encourages productive communication between historians and practicing scientists. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14581
Peter Ayres
Women and the Natural Sciences in Edwardian Britain In Search of Fellowship
Peter Ayres Lancaster University Lancaster, UK
Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology ISBN 978-3-030-46599-5 ISBN 978-3-030-46600-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46600-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: World History Archive / Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface: ‘Associations of Persons United by Some Common Interest’
Through the Victorian era, age-old prejudices still prevailed concerning the fitness of women to be scientists or, more generally, to enter the professions. It was pointed out by men that the weight of a woman’s brain was less than that of a man’s; others argued that the physical exertion of a working life would imperil a woman’s reproductive health (Cock and Forsdyke 2008, 178; Rayner-Canham and Rayner-Canham 2003). Or, q
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