World Communism at the Crossroads Military Ascendancy, Political Eco
The collection of essays presented in this volume grew out of a series of lec tures given at the University of North Carolina during the academic year 1976-1977. The series was sponsored by the Soviet and East European Stud ies Program, which I chaired
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WORLD COMMUNISM AT THE CROSSROADS:
Military Ascendancy, Political Economy, and Human Welfare Steven Rosefielde, Editor University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Springer-Science+Business Media, B. V.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
World Communism at the Crossroads. Bibliography: p. l. Communism-1945- -Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Russia-Military policy-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Rosefielde, Steven. HX44.W685 1980 309.1'171'7 79-25750 ISBN 978-94-015-7633-8 ISBN 978-94-015-7631-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-7631-4 Copyright © 1980 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Martinus NijhoffPublishing, Boston in 1980 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without written permission from the publisher.
To Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn whose unswerving realism has alerted us all to the perils oj complacent ideology.
CONTENTS
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction
I
1
MILITARY ASCENDANCY
1 Soviet Military Objectives and Capabilities in the 1980s Patrick Parker
2 Real Soviet Arms Procurement Expenditures, 1960-1978 Steven Rosefielde
3 Soviet Nuclear Targeting Strategy and SALT William Lee
9 36 55
4 The Soviet-Cuban Intervention in Angola: Politics, Naval Power, Security Implications Jiri Valenta
89
5 A New Strategy for NATO James Leutze
106 vii
CONTENTS
II
viii
POLITICAL ECONOMY
6 Industrial Structure, Urbanization, and Socialist Growth Strategy: A Historical Analysis, 1940-1970 Our Ojer
7 The Impact of International Inflation on Yugoslavia Egon Neuberger and Laura Tyson
131 160
8 The Evolution of Agricultural Technology in the People's Republic of China, 1957-1976 Thomas Wiens
181
9 Political Leadership and Personnel Policy in Romania: Continuity and Change, 1965-1976 Mary Ellen Fischer
III 10
210
HUMAN WELFARE Kantorovich and Production Planning Edward Ames
237
11 The Theory and Practice of Self-Management: An American
12
13
Perspective Jaroslav Vanek, with the assistance of Christopher Ounn
260
Decentralized Economic Control in the Soviet Union and Maoist China: One-Man Rule versus Collective SelfManagement Steven Rosefielde and Henry Latane
273
Morality and Pragmatism in the Superpower Relationship Dimitri Simes and Aileen Masterson
305
Closing Observations
321
Biographical Sketches of Contributors
325
Index
327
PREFACE
The collection of essays presented in this volume grew out of a series of lectures given at the University of North Carolina during the academic year 1976-1977. The series was sponsored by the Soviet and East European Studies Program, which I chaired at the time, and the Curriculum of Peace, War and Defense, headed by James Leutze. In the ensuing years almost all the manuscripts have been redrafted at frequent intervals to reflect the changing state of knowledge in each respective discipline. The final version of the text that appears here is therefore the outcome of a long dev
