X-ray pulse emission of alkali metal halide salts irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses
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X‑ray pulse emission of alkali metal halide salts irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses Anton Koroliov1 · Jonas Reklaitis1 · Karolina Varsockaja1,2 · Darius Germanas1 · Artūras Plukis1 · Vidmantas Remeikis1 Received: 8 November 2019 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 / Published online: 6 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The alkali metal halide salts (KBr, NaBr, KI, NaI and CsI) were used to generate X-rays by femtosecond laser irradiation. Due to a wide band-gap, these materials are transparent and allow generation of X-rays inside the target rather than on its surface. The femtosecond amplified laser system “Pharos” with the wavelength 𝜆 = 1028 nm, 4 kHz repetition rate and typical pulse energy 250 µJ (maximum 1.5 mJ) was used for the experiment. Using this system, we were able to reach laser peak power density of 2.7 × 1015 W/cm2 . We have registered X-ray radiation spectra in a range of 3–30 keV with typical flux values of 1 × 107 ph/s for potassium K𝛼 line. We were able to confirm that there were enough electrons with the energy higher than 33 keV.
1 Introduction In ultrafast technology field, the generation of X-rays using high-power femtosecond laser pulses is an attractive technique. The X-ray emission obtained using this technique showcases unique characteristics, such as short pulse duration, small source size, high brilliance [1–3], and could be used for numerous industrial, medical and material science applications [2, 4, 5]. Until recent years, the subpicosend pulse X-ray radiation has been achieved only in accelerator facilities [6], but nowadays, femtosecond laser systems can deliver focused intensities of more than 1020 W/cm2 at several kHz repetition rates, which allows the efficient generation of X-ray pulses [7, 8]. In the weakly relativistic regime (I
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