Yearbook on Space Policy 2007/2008 From Policies to Programmes

The Yearbook on Space Policy aims to be the reference publication analysing space policy developments. Each year it presents issues and trends in space policy and the space sector as a whole. Its scope is global and its perspective is European. The Yearbo

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Yearbook on Space Policy

Edited by the European Space Policy Institute Director: Kai-Uwe Schrogl

Editorial Advisory Board: Herbert Allgeier Alvaro Azcarraga Frances Brown Alain Gaubert Leen Hordijk Peter Jankowitsch Ulrike Landfester Andre Lebeau Jan-Baldem Mennicken Alfredo Roma

European Space Policy Institute Kai-Uwe Schrogl, Charlotte Mathieu, Nicolas Peter (eds.)

Yearbook on Space Policy 2007/2008 From Policies to Programmes

SpringerWienNewYork

European Space Policy Institute, Vienna, Austria Kai-Uwe Schrogl Charlotte Mathieu Nicolas Peter

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. This does also refer to information about drug dosage and application thereof. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.  2009 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Germany SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science þ Business Media springer.at Cover illustration: “International Space Station with the European Columbus Laboratory and ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle)”  ESA/NASA Typesetting: Thomson Press (India) Ltd., Chennai Printing: Holzhausen Druck & Medien, 1140 Wien Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12560608

With 30 Figures and 13 Tables CIP data applied for

ISSN 1866-8305 ISBN 978-3-211-99090-2 SpringerWienNewYork

Preface At the time of finalising this second volume of the “Yearbook on Space Policy” which covers the period mid-2007 to mid-2008, Europe is as visible and strong in the area of space activities as never before. Its space probes are present on the Moon, around Mars, and on Saturn’s Moon Titan, and are chasing asteroids and comets; Ariane V is the most successful commercial launch vehicle; and more and more European space applications satellites are in operation. Finally, with the successful launch of the Columbus Orbital Facility (COF) – the most prominent highlight of this period which is also depicted on the cover of this Yearbook – and the first Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), Europe has become a decisive player in human spaceflight. This is accompanied by new policy initiatives on the ministerial level which have been bringing the European Space Agency and the European Union steadily closer. Europe’s outstanding development and positioning in the space field is based not only on Europe’s successful engineering and scientific capabilities and capacities, but also on the forceful political determination of all European actors to